Some groups of drugs which use is associated with development of drug-induced atrial fibrillation

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of drug‑induced (DI) atrial fibrillation (AF). It is known that the development of DI AF can be associated with the intake of cardiovascular and anticancer drugs, drugs that affect the central nervous system or respiratory organs. However, there are other drugs that can provoke DI AF, which practitioners are less aware of. This article is a review of the current literature on DI AF associated with the intake of other groups of drugs and individual drugs that are not included in the above groups. Analysis of the available literature has shown that the incidence of DI AF reaches 6.9% when taking zoledronic acid and 1.5% when taking alendronate, although data from different authors regarding the causal relationship between bisphosphonate therapy and the development of AF are ambiguous. The use of high doses of glucocorticosteroids (at a daily dose of ≥ 7.5 mg in terms of prednisolone) is also associated with an increased risk of AF (OR = 6.07; 95% CI: 3.90–9.42). Treatment with non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs is also associated with a higher risk of developing DI AF compared to those who do not use it – the incidence rate is 1.17 (95% CI: 1.10–1.24) for nonselective and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.20–1.34) for cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors. The literature contains a description of clinical cases of DI AF while taking immunosuppressants (azathioprine, methotrexate + etanercept, fingolimod, cyclosporine), drugs that affect the genitourinary system (vardenafil, sildenafil, yohimbine hydrochloride, hexoprenaline), local anesthetics, bupacaero testosterone, stanozolol, testosterone cypionate, nandrolone decanoate extraboline) and nicotine‑containing products (nicotine‑containing chewing gum).

1. Hindricks G., Potpara T., Dagres N., et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). European heart journal. 2020; 612. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612.

2. van der Hooft C.S., Heeringa J., van Herpen G., et al. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2004; 44 (11): 2117-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.08.053.

3. Kaakeh Y., Overholser B. R., Lopshire J. C., Tisdale J. E. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation. Drugs. 2012; 72 (12): 1617-30. https://doi.org/10.2165/11633140-000000000-00000.

4. Tamargo J., Caballero R., Delpón E. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation. Expert opinion on drug safety. 2012; 11 (4): 615-34. https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2012.698609.

5. Tisdale J. E., Miller D. A. Drug Induced Diseases: Prevention, Detection, and Management. 3rd ed. Bethesda, Md.: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2018.

6. Остроумова О.Д., Черняева М.С., Комарова А.Г., и другие. Лекарственно-индуцированная фибрилляция предсердий, ассоциированная с приемом сердечно-сосудистых лекарственных средств. Сибирское медицинское обозрение. 2020; (6): 5-13. https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2020-6-5-13. Ostroumova O.D., Cherniaeva M.S., Komarova A.G., et al. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation associated with admission of cardiovascular medications. Siberian Medical Review. 2020; (6): 5-13. https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2020-6-5-13

7. Остроумова О. Д., Черняева М. С., Кочетков А. И., и другие. Лекарственно-индуцированная фибрилляция предсердий, ассоциированная с применением противоопухолевых лекарственных средств. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2020; 8 (4): 178-190. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821- 2020-8-4-178-190. Ostroumova O.D., Chernyaeva M.S., Kochetkov A.I., et al. Atrial fibrillation associated with anticancer drugs. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2020; 8 (4): 178-190. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2020-8-4-178-190

8. Black D.M., Delmas P.D., Eastell R., et al. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The New England journal of medicine. 2007; 356: 1809-22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa067312.

9. Lyles K.W., Colon-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S., et al. Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. The New England journal of medicine. 2007; 357 (18): 1799-809. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa074941.

10. Black D.M., Reiss T.F., Nevitt M.C., et al. Design of the Fracture Intervention Trial. Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 1993; 3 (3): S29-S39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01623005.

11. Cummings S.R., Schwartz A.V., Black D.M. Alendronate and atrial fibrillation. The New England journal of medicine. 2007; 356 (18): 1895-6. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc076132.

12. Karam R., Camm J., McClung M. Yearly zoledronic acid in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The New England journal of medicine. 2007; 357: 712-3.

13. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPtientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationHeathcareProfessionals/ucm136201.htm (accessed 2017 Now 3)

14. Grosso A., Douglas I., Hingorani A., et al. Oral Bisphosphonates and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in Women: A Self-Controlled Case-Series Safety Analysis. PLoSOne. 2009; 4 (3): e4720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004720.

15. Abrahamsen B., Eiken P., Brixen K. Atrial Fibrillation in Fracture Patients Treated with Oral Bisphosphonates. Journal of internal medicine. 2009; 265 (5): 581-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02065.x.

16. Erichsen R.1, Christiansen C.F., Frøslev T., et al. Intravenous Bisphosphonate Therapy and Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Risk in Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study. British journal of cancer. 2011; 105 (7): 881-3. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2011.338.

17. Gregg S., Wilkinson I., Baillargeon J., et al. Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Associated with Intravenous Bisphosphonate Therapy in Older Patients with Cancer. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2010; 28 (33): 4898-905. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.28.7524.

18. Herrera L., Leal I., Lapi F., et al. Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Among Bisphosphonate Users: A Multicenter, Population-Based, Italian Study. Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2015; 26 (5): 1499-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-3020-y.

19. Yoon Kong Loke, Jeevanantham V., Singh S. Bisphosphonates and Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Safety. 2009; 32 (3): 219-28. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200932030-00004.

20. Bhuriya R., Singh M., Molnar J., et al. Bisphosphonate Use in Women and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of cardiology. 2010; 142 (3): 213-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.041.

21. Sharma A., Chatterjee S., Arbab-Zadeh A., et al. Risk of Serious Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke with Use of Bisphosphonates: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Chest. 2013; 144 (4): 1311-22. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-0675.

22. Sharma A., Einstein A.J., Vallakati A. Risk of Atrial Fibrillation with Use of Oral and Intravenous Bisphosphonates. The American journal of cardiology. 2014; 113 (11): 1815-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.03.008.

23. Kim D.H., Rogers J.R., Fulchino L.A., et al. Bisphosphonates and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (4): e0122646. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122646.

24. Cummings S.R., Schwartz A.V., Black D.M. Alendronate and Atrial Fibrillation. The New England journal of medicine. 2007; 356 (18): 1895-6. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc076132.

25. Hewitt R. E., Lissina A., Green A. E., et al. The Bisphosphonate Acute Phase Response: Rapid and Copious Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Gd T Cells in Response to Aminobisphosphonates Is Inhibited by Statins. Clinical and experimental immunology. 2005; 139 (1): 101-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02665.x.

26. Aviles R.J., Martin D.O., Apperson-Hansen C., et al. Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation. 2003; 108 (24): 3006-10. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000103131.70301.4F.

27. Tisdale J. E., Allen M. R., Overholser B.R., et al. Influence of Zoledronic Acid on Atrial Electrophysiological Parameters and Electrocardiographic Measurements. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2015; 26 (6): 671-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12641

28. McLuckie A.E., Savage R. W. Atrial fibrillation following pulse methylprednisolone therapy in an adult. Chest. 1993; 104: 622-3. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.104.2.622.

29. Moretti R., Torre P., Antonello R.M., et al Recurrent atrial fibrillation associated with pulse administration of high doses of methylprednysolone: a possible prophylactic treatment. European journal of neurology. 2000; 7: 130. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2000.00026.x.

30. Ueda N., Yoshikawa T., Chihara M., et al. Atrial fibrillation following methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Pediatric Nephrology. 1988; 2: 29-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00870376.

31. Yamamura K., Ohga S., Nishiyama K., et al. Recurrent atrial fibrillation after high- dose methylprednisolone therapy in a girl with lupus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Lupus. 2011; 20: 871-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203310392429.

32. Aslam A.K., Vasavada B.C., Sacchi T.J., Khan I.A. Atrial fibrillation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and use of methylprednisolone. American journal of therapeutics. 2001; 8: 303-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00045391-200107000-00013.

33. Dogukan A., Ilkay E., Poyrazoglu O.K., et al. Atrial fibrillation due to oral methylprednisolone in a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2008; 51: 63-4. https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.34.

34. Iqbal F.M., Beeharilal P.S., Sadat K., et al. Steroid induced atrial fibrillation. Comprehensive therapy. 2008; 34: 111-4.

35. van der Hooft C.S., Heeringa J., Brusselle G.G., et al. Corticosteroids and the risk of atrial fibrillation. Archives of internal medicine. 2006; 166: 1016-20. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.9.1016.

36. De C.R., Ruigomez A., Rodriguez LA. Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of atrial fibrillation. Archives of internal medicine. 2010; 170: 1450-5. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.305.

37. Oteri A., Bussolini A., Sacchi M., et al. A case of atrial fibrillation induced by inhaled fluticasone propionate. Pediatrics. 2010; 126 (5): e1237-41. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0419. Epub 2010 Oct 18.

38. Baker W. L., White C. M. Post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation: a review of preventive strategies. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2007; 41: 587-98. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1H594.

39. Halonen J., Halonen P., Jarvinen O., et al. Corticosteroids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007; 297: 1562-7 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.14.1562.

40. Marik P.E., Fromm R. The efficacy and dosage effect of corticosteroids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Journal of critical care. 2009; 24: 458-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.10.016.

41. Prasongsukarn K., Abel J. G., Jamieson W. R., et al. The effects of steroids on the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a prospective randomized trial. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2005; 130: 93-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.09.014.

42. Shiroshita-Takeshita A., Brundel B.J., Lavoie J., et al. Prednisone prevents atrial fibrillation promotion by atrial tachycardia remodeling in dogs. Cardiovascular research. 2006; 69: 865-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.11.028.

43. Fujimoto S., Kondoh H., Yamamoto Y., et al. Holter electrocardiogram monitoring in nephrotic patients during methylprednisolone pulse therapy. American journal of nephrology. 1990; 10: 231-6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000168087.

44. Ozen S., Tokgozoglu L., Saatci U. Are late potentials operative in arrhythmias following methylprednisolone pulse therapy. International journal of cardiology. 1992; 36: 234-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(92)90014-t.

45. Schmidt M., Christiansen C.F., Mehnert F., et al. Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter: Population Based Case-Control Study. BMJ. 2011; 343: d3450. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d3450.

46. Liu G., Yan Y., Zheng X., et al. Meta-analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation. The American journal of cardiology. 2014; 114 (10): 1523-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.08.015.

47. 47.De Caterina R., Ruigómez A., Rodríguez L.A. Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of atrial fibrillation. Archives of internal medicine. 2010; 170: 1450e-1455. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.305.

48. Chao T.F., Liu C.J., Chen S.J., et al. The association between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and atrial fibrillation: a nationwide case-control study. International journal of cardiology. 2013; 168: 312e-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.058.

49. Bäck M., Yin L., Ingelsson E. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk in a nation-wide cohort study after the withdrawal of rofecoxib. European heart journal. 2012; 33: c1928-e1933. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr421.

50. Krijthe B.P., Heeringa J., Hofman A., et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a population-based follow-up study. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e004059. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004059.

51. Chuang S., Hsu P., Lin F., et al Association Between Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Atrial Fibrillation Among a Middle-Aged Population: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2018; 84 (6): 1290-1300. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13558.

52. Cassinotti A., Massari A., Ferrara E., et al. New onset of atrial fibrillation after introduction of azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: case report and review of the literature. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2007; 63: 875-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0328-y.

53. Riccioni G., Bucciarelli V., Di Ilio E., et al. Recurrent atrial fibrillation in a patient with ulcerative colitis treated with azathioprine: case report and review of the literature. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2011; 24 (1): 247-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/039463201102400131.

54. Dodd H. J., Tatnall F. M., Sarkany I. Fast atrial fibrillation induced by treatment of psoriasis with azathioprine. British medical journal. 1985; 291: 706. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.291.6497.706.

55. Murphy G., Fulton R.A., Keegan D.A.J. Fast atrial fibrillation induced by azathioprine. British medical journal. 1985; 291 (6501): 1049. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.291.6501.1049.

56. Wooten M.D., Reddy G.V., Johnson R.D. Atrial fibrillation occurring in a patient taking etanercept plus methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Delaware medical journal. 2000; 72: 517-19.

57. Paolicelli D., Manni A., Direnzo V., et al. Long-term Cardiac Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis: A Postmarketing Study. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015; 55 (10): 1131-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.519.

58. Rolf L., Muris A., Damoiseaux J, et al. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after initiation of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis treatment. Neurology. 2014; 82 (11): 1008-9. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000218.

59. Wallemacq P.E., Lesne M.L. Accidental massive IV administration of cyclosporine in man. Drug intelligence and clinical pharmacy. 1985; 19 (1): 29-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900106.

60. LoVecchio F.A., Goltz H. R. Atrial fibrillation following acute overdose with oral cyclosporine. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2000; 34: 405. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.19134.

61. Hayashi K., Minezaki K.K., Narukawa M., et al. Atrial fibrillation and continuous 161. hypotension induced by sildenafil in an intermittent WPW syndrome patient. Japanese heart journal. 1999; 40: 827-30. https://doi.org/10.1536/jhj.40.827.

62. Awan G. M., Calderon E., Dawood G., Alpert M.A. Acute, symptomatic atrial fibrillation after sildenafil citrate therapy in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The American journal of the medical sciences. 2000; 320 (1): 69-71. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-200007000-00011.

63. Veloso H.H., de Paola A.A.V. Atrial fibrillation after vardenafil therapy. Emergency medicine journal: EMJ. 2005; 22: 823. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2004.015982.

64. Varkey S. Overdose of yohimbine. BMJ 1992; 304: 548. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.304.6826.548-a.

65. Frederiksen M.C., Toig R.M., Depp R. III. Atrial fibrillation during hexoprenaline therapy for premature labor. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1983; 145: 108-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(83)90350-2.

66. Pratila M.G., Pratilas V. Dysrhythmia occurring during epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York. 1982; 49: 130-2.

67. Ifran A., Kaptan K., Beyan C. High-dose cyclophosphamide and MESNA infusion can cause acute atrial fibrillation. American journal of hematology. 2005; 80: 247. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.20441.

68. Lau D.H., Stiles M.K., John B., et al. Atrial fibrillation and anabolic steroid abuse. International journal of cardiology. 2007; 117: e86-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.199.

69. Sullivan M.L., Martinez C.M., Gallagher E.J. Atrial fibrillation and anabolic steroids. The Journal of emergency medicine. 1999; 17: 851-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0736-4679(99)00095-5.

70. Choragudi N. L., Aronow W. S., DeLuca A. J. Nicotine gum-induced atrial fibrillation. Heart disease. 2003; 5: 100-1. https://doi.org/1010.1097/01.hdx.0000061700.11321.1a.

71. Stewart P.M., Catterall J.R. Chronic nicotine ingestion and atrial fibrillation. British heart journal. 1985; 54: 222-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.54.2.222.

72. Rigotti N. A., Eagle K. A. Atrial fibrillation while chewing nicotine gum. JAMA 1986; 255: 1018.

73. Chou T.M., Benowitz N.L. Caffeine and coffee: effects on health and cardiovascular disease. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology. 1994; 109 (2): 173-89.

74. Frost L., Vestergaard P. Caffeine and risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2005; 81 (3): 578-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.3.578.

75. Patanè S., Marte F., La Rosa F.C., Rocca R. Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Chocolate Intake Abuse and Chronic Salbutamol Inhalation Abuse. International journal of cardiology. 2010; 145 (2): e74-e76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.12.159

76. Artin B.1., Singh M., Riche Ch., et al. Caffeine-related Atrial Fibrillation. American journal of therapeutics. 2010; 17 (5): e169-71. https://doi.org/10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181df8cf8].

77. Jennifer R., Di Rocco 1, During A., et al. Atrial Fibrillation in Healthy Adolescents After Highly Caffeinated Beverage Consumption: Two Case Reports. Journal of medical case reports. 2011; 5: 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-5-18.

78. Mattioli A.V., Pennella S., Manenti A., Farinetti A. Energy Drink Overconsumption Can Trigger Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular medicine. 2016; 17 (12): 902-904. https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000000416.

79. Armstrong M. Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response Following Use of Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3 Dimethylamylamine and Caffeine. Journal of special operations medicine: a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals. 2012; 12 (4): 1-4.

80. Ciszowski K., Biedroń W., Gomólka E. Acute Caffeine Poisoning Resulting in Atrial Fibrillation After Guarana Extract Overdose. Przeglad Lekarski. 2014; 71 (9): 495-8.

81. Thyagarajan B, Alagusundaramoorthy S. S., Agrawal A. Atrial Fibrillation Due to Over The Counter Stimulant Drugs in A Young Adult. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015; 9 (8): OD05-7. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/13483.6330.