New applications of X-ray mammography in dispensary examinations, extending beyond traditional oncological screening, are presented. The established regulatory algorithm for breast examination is outlined, along with emerging opportunities to detect two major health issues in women– breast cancer and cardiovascular disease – through the identification of arterial wall calcifications on mammograms. The importance of early recognition of benign breast dysplasia is also emphasized, as timely pathogenetic treatment can reduce the risk of malignant transformation. By addressing multiple women’s health concerns within the framework of mammography screening, this approach improves cost-effectiveness by minimizing the need for additional facilities, equipment, staff, and patient management resources.

Objective: to analyze treatment outcomes in patients with low-grade ovarian cancer (OC) of all stages and evaluate factors affecting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 57 patients with low-grade OC was performed at the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2018 to 2023. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoint was assessment of survival-affecting factors. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and survival analysis.
Results. Early-stage disease was diagnosed in 17 patients (29.9 %), advanced stage in 40 patients (70.1 %). In advanced stages, regional lymph node involvement was observed in 27.5 % of cases. Primary debulking surgery was performed in 28 patients (70 %), interval debulking surgery in 12 patients (30 %). Regarding the completeness of cytoreduction, primary complete resection was achieved in 21 (75 %) of cases, and optimal resection in 6 (21.4 %), suboptimal – 1 (3,6 %) case. In the interval debulking surgery, complete resection was achieved in 5 (41.7 %) of cases, and optimal removal in 4 (33.3 %), while 2 patients (16.7 %) underwent suboptimal surgery and 1 patient (8.3 %) underwent exploratory laparotomy. The PCI score for primary complete surgery was 7.5 points, for optimal surgery – 11.5 points. For complete interval surgery, the PCI was 8 points, for optimal interval surgery – 13 points. In the early-stage ovarian cancer (OC) group, 3-year OS and DFS were 100 % with a median follow-up of 30.4 months (12–57 months). In the advanced stage low-grade OC, 3-year OS was 100 % in patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery, while in the interval cytoreduction group it was 66.7 % with a median follow-up of 35.5 months (3–72 months). Primary debulking surgery significantly improved overall survival rates. The overall recurrence rate was 40 % (n=16), with a recurrence rate of 25 % (n=7) in the primary debulking surgery group and 75 % (n=9) in the interval debulking surgery group. The mean time to recurrence was 11.6 (3–34) months, with a median follow-up of 35.5 (3–68) months. The progression-free survival (PFS) was 72.8 % in the primary debulking surgery group and 17.5 % in the interval debulking surgery group.
Conclusion. Our data confirm that in patients with low-grade serous OC, complete debulking surgery correlates with improved PFS and OS. However, primary debulking surgery compared to interval debulking surgery, demonstrates significantly better oncological outcomes. Patients with low grade OC should receive surgical treatment in an oncology center with a high level of surgical care and the possibility of involving surgeons from other specialties.

Purpose of the study. To identify the association between the carriage of BRCA1/2 gene mutations and the histological type of ovarian cancer, as well as morbid obesity as a risk factor.
Materials and methods. The study included 635 patients with epithelial invasive ovarian cancer. The results of histological examination of surgical specimens, height and weight were analyzed. To identify mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, lymphocytes of venous peripheral blood and malignant tumor tissue obtained during surgery were examined. Polymorphisms of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were determined at 8 points using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results. Germinal mutations of the BRCA1/2 genes in the blood were detected in 13,5 %. In the subgroups of patients carrying mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, serous ovarian carcinoma was encountered in the predominant number of cases (86,7 and 81,8 % respectively). Genetic analysis of cancer cells from surgical specimens revealed mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 21,9 %. In 53 women, mutations in the studied genes were detected only in the tumor tissue, but not in the blood, which allowed them to be classified as somatic. The incidence of morbid obesity among patients with spontaneous mutations (20,75 %) is higher (p=0,05) than in women with germline mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes (8,1 %).
Conclusions. Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes occur in 13,5 % and are associated with the development of serous ovarian carcinoma. Morbid obesity is a risk factor for spontaneous mutations in repair genes.

A clinical case of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ICUSI) of a brain tumor using the contrast agent «Sonovyu» is described. The method allowed to clarify the boundaries of the tumor lesion and to evaluate the angioarchitectonics of glioblastoma revealed by intraoperative ultrasound (IOUSI).

Introduction. Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from enterochromaphin cells of the diffuse endocrine system. Nuclear medicine, imaging of somatostatin receptors, plays a leading role in identifying and assessing the status of NET.
Purpose. To determine the complex of X-ray and radiological signs characteristic of neuroendocrine tumors and compare them with an immunohistochemical study of expression levels of somatostatin receptors.
Materials and methods. The study included 119 patients with NET of various localizations who were examined at the N. N. Blokhin National Research Medical Center of Oncology from 2019 to 2022. There are 75 women and 44 men among them (63 % and 37 %, respectively). The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 84 years (median – 60).
Results. When comparing the Grade values depending on the «flash» in a dynamic study, we found statistically significant differences (p=0.010).
Conclusions. Clinical and radiological criteria for the qualitative characteristics of dynamic scintigraphy in NET make it possible to predict the effectiveness of treatment and the course of the disease, and the use of 3-phase scintigraphy with 99mTc-tectrotide makes it possible to diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor in 46 % of patients before receiving histological material or when it is impossible to obtain it.

Objective: to evaluate prognostic factors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and isolated liver metastases, and to analyze the role of systemic therapy in achieving resectability and the impact of surgical treatment on survival outcomes.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 371 patients with mCRC and initially unresectable isolated liver metastases. Resectability was assessed by a multidisciplinary tumor board. Patients received systemic chemotherapy with targeted agents (bevacizumab or anti-EGFR). Progression-free survival (PFS), conversion rates, and prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods.
Results. The conversion rate to resectability was 60.1 % (potentially resectable metastases) and 25.9 % (unresectable metastases). Median PFS was 11.3 months (12.7 months for resectable vs. 10.5 months for unresectable). R 0 resection was achieved in 78.8 % and 72.4 % of patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified favorable prognostic factors: primary tumor resection and disease stabilization/partial response to therapy. Poor prognostic factors included unresectable metastases and limited/non-countable metastatic lesions.
Conclusions. A combined systemic and surgical approach improves survival in mCRC patients, particularly after successful conversion of initially unresectable metastases.

Introduction. In recent decades, the five-year survival rate of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Russia has risen to over 90 %. At the same time, this group of patients remains at serious risk of developing long-term effects of therapy, including secondary malignant neoplasms, cardiotoxicity, neurocognitive disorders, as well as pathologies of the musculoskeletal apparatus and endocrine system. The main risk factors for late effects are: intensity and combination of chemotherapy/radiation therapy, age at the time of treatment, genetic predisposition (gene polymorphisms, variations in DNA repair genes), as well as the presence of concomitant diseases (congenital heart disease, obesity).
Objective. To systematize and summarize current data on the spectrum and frequency of late adverse effects in patients treated for ALL during childhood.
Materials and methods. Data were structured review and analyzed in electronic medical databases such as PubMed, eLibrary from 1990 to 2024.
Conclusions. These reviews emphasize the high prevalence of a variety of late adverse effects in children cured of ALL and the need for their systematic monitoring.

Breast cancer (BC) can metastasize to many organs, but metastases to the uterus are rare. Breast cancer metastases in the uterus can appear synchronously and metachronously, be asymptomatic or in the form of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Treatment of uterine metastases usually includes total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in combination with chemotherapy. The long-term prognosis of this course is unclear, but the outcome is mostly unfavorable. This article analyzes 60 patients, published in the literature for the period from 2010 to July 2024. according to nine variables, including: age; morphology of breast cancer; treatment for breast cancer; spread of metastases in the uterus; treatment; out-of-phase distant metastases; survival. The article presents a clinical case of a 53-year-old patient who was diagnosed with metastasis of invasive ductal breast carcinoma into the uterine body. The patient underwent cytoreductive surgery to extirpate the uterus with appendages, followed by hormone therapy with aromatase inhibitors (letrazole).

Introduction. BRCA status is of interest as a predictive marker in the context of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The goal of NACT in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is to achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR), which is associated with a significant improvement in event-free and overall survival, and it influences further treatment strategy. The absence of a pronounced pathological response after NACT requires the administration of post-neoadjuvant therapy. Despite numerous studies, the optimal NACT regimen for this group of patients has not yet been determined.
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of dose-dense platinum-based NACT (4 ddAC followed by 12 PCb) in patients with BRCA1/2- mutated TNBC in terms of pCR rate and Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) score, and to identify predictive factors of treatment efficacy.
Materials and Methods. This prospective study included 103 patients with gBRCA1/2-associated stage II–III TNBC who received dose-dense platinum-based NACT between January 2018 and December 2024. Among them, 41.7 % had stage III disease and 26.2 % had lymph node involvement at levels N 2–3.
Results. The overall pCR rate was 63.1 % (n=65), while disease progression was observed in 7.8 % (n=8). In operable cases, the pCR rate was 63.5 %, and in locally advanced inoperable cases, it was 62.5 %. The most common germline mutation in BRCA1/2 genes was BRCA1 c.5266dup, found in 53.4 % (n=55) of cases. Rare mutations detected by NGS accounted for 30 % (n=31), while common mutations identified by PCR comprised 70 %. Among patients with common mutations, the pCR rate was 70.8 %, compared to 45.2 % in those with rare mutations. The most frequent type of toxicity was hematologic: grade III–IV neutropenia occurred in 33 % (n=34). Dose reduction was performed only in cases of grade II–III adverse events. The only factor significantly associated with higher pCR rate was the presence of common germline BRCA1/2 mutations (p=0.027).
Conclusions. Dose-dense NACT including anthracyclines, taxanes, and platinum agents achieves a high rate of pCR in patients with gBRCA1/2- associated stage II–III TNBC, particularly in those with common mutations. The presence of residual tumor after the full course of NACT indicates the need for personalized adjuvant targeted therapy with olaparib.