The role of non-invasive respiratory support at different stages of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treatment. Part I

Treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure remains one of the urgent and applied problems of modern intensive care, as it is the leading cause of critical conditions and high mortality in patients in intensive care units. Patient self-inflicted lung injury plays a special role in maintaining and worsening respiratory failure, which can develop under any method of respiratory support. A number of studies in recent years have demonstrated significant clinical effectiveness of non-invasive respiratory support compared to traditional mechanical ventilation. Due to this, the concept of respiratory failure treatment has changed in favor of more active use of non-invasive ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy. However, their rational and personalized use remains a labor-intensive task due to the polymorphism of clinical manifestations, diversity of etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of respiratory disorders. The purpose of this publication is to review the literature data on the use of non-invasive respiratory support methods at different stages of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure treatment.

The first part will consider the current mechanisms of development of patient self-inflicted lung injury and the general characteristics of noninvasive ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy.

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