The use of new hematology analyzer parameters as addi. tional laboratory markers in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma: analysis of clinical cases

Multiple myeloma is among the most common malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. The mortality rate is high, accounting for 18 % of all hematologic malignancies. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment are crucial for improving treatment outcomes in hemato-oncological diseases. Ossalgic syndrome, present in over 70 % of patients at disease onset, is often not recognized as a sign of a hemato-oncological disorder, making laboratory diagnostics of primary importance in such cases. The use of modern blood analysis technologies, such as flow cytometry, opens new possibilities for identifying diagnostic markers, including for multiple myeloma. Sysmex XN scattergram analysis can serve as an additional laboratory marker for detecting pathological leukocytes, thereby enhancing the diagnostic potential of the clinical blood test. This article, based on clinical case studies, discusses the interpretation and clinical significance of WDF channel scattergrams from hematology analyzers Sysmex XN as potential laboratory markers for diagnosing multiple myeloma. Case analyses demonstrated that assessing the location of leukocyte clusters on the Sysmex XN scattergram is a key factor in the correct interpretation of flow cytometry results. The fluorescent flow cytometry method used in hematology analyzers XN enables clear separation of cell subpopulations. A characteristic scattergram pattern – observed in all presented cases – showing a pathological population in the region of antibody-producing lymphocytes, when combined with morphological examination of a peripheral blood smear, can serve as an additional diagnostic laboratory marker of multiple myeloma.

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