Микробиом лимфатического глоточного кольца и пробиотики

Кольцо Пирогова – Вальдейера содержит сложный и динамичный микробиом, баланс в котором имеет ключевое значение для местного и, возможно, системного здоровья. Различные заболевания миндалин, такие как рецидивирующий нёбный тонзиллит, аденоидит, в том числе с сопутствующим средним отитом, характеризуются специфическими дисбиотическими процессами с участием бактерий, грибов и вирусов. Перорально принимаемые пробиотики, особенно такие специфические штаммы, как Streptococcus salivarius K12 и некоторые виды Lactobacillus (например, L. rhamnosus GG, L. helveticus MIMLh5), демонстрируют высокий потенциал в модулировании экосистемы лимфатического глоточного кольца. Механизмы их действия многогранны и включают прямое ингибирование патогенов с помощью бактериоцинов, конкурентное исключение путем адгезии и колонизации поверхностей ЛГК, а также сложную модуляцию местных иммунных реакций, выработку цитокинов и повышение уровня IgA. Эффективность этих вмешательств зависит от выбора оптимальных пробиотических штаммов, дозировок и способов доставки для различных заболеваний, связанных с ЛГК.

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