Эпидемиология инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, у пациентов отделений диализа (обзор литературы)

В статье представлены данные о частоте развития инфекционных осложнений, их этиологии, факторах риска и профилактике у пациентов с хронической почечной недостаточностью, получающих гемодиализ. Наиболее частым осложнением являются катетер-ассоциированные инфекции кровотока. Их частота значительно варьирует в разных странах. Сложность в сопоставлении данных представляет расчет частоты инфекций с использованием разных знаменателей. Наиболее частыми возбудителями являются грамположительные микроорганизмы. При применении центральных венозных катетеров риск развития инфекционных осложнений выше, чем при использовании других типов сосудистого доступа. Меры профилактики включают в себя рекомендации по профилактике катетер-ассоциированных инфекций кровотока, также рассматривается эффективность санации носителей метициллин-резистентного стафилококка, применение противомикробных средств вокруг участка кожи постановки центрального венозного катетера, антимикробных заглушек, программ профилактики инфекций.

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