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Optimization of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: selective rapid urease tests and ammonium breath test
https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2025-6-8-12
Abstract
The issues of optimizing the management of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori have remained relevant in clinical therapy and gastroenterology for many years. This is due both to the high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Russia: depending on the region, it is 35–60 %, and to the potential carcinogenicity of the microorganism in relation to the development of gastric cancer. According to clinical recommendations, when conducting an endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, a rapid urease test with biopsy samples from the antrum and body of the stomach or histological examination of biopsies of the gastric mucosa may be recommended as a method of primary diagnosis of infection, and a 13C-urease breath test or determination of the antigen of a microorganism in feces is recommended as a non-invasive diagnostic. The use of rapid urease tests with selectivity for H. pylori, which do not respond to pH changes and to the urease of other urease producents. For non-invasive diagnostics, alternative ways of verifying the microbe can also be considered, for example, an ammonium breath test, when the level of CO2 in the exhaled air is not determined, but the second metabolite of urea hydrolysis – ammonia.
About the Authors
N. V. Baryshnikova
St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Pavlov First St-Petersburg State Medical University; Institute of Experimental Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Baryshnikova Natalia V., PhD Med, aassociate professor, junior researcher at Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems of Pediatrics; Associate Professor at Dept of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry; Researcher at Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology,
St-Petersburg.
M. D. Lovchikova
Surgut City Clinical Polyclinic No. 4
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Lovchikova Marina D., gastroenterologist,
Surgut.
I. I. Shishlova
Alexander-Mariinsky Regional Clinical Hospital; Private Healthcare Institution "Medical and Sanitary Unit"
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Shishlova Irina I., gastroenterologist,
Astrakhan.
L. V. Minaeva
Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Minaeva Lyubov V., PhD Med, Associate Professor at Dept of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics Physicians,
St. Petersburg.
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Review
For citations:
Baryshnikova N.V., Lovchikova M.D., Shishlova I.I., Minaeva L.V. Optimization of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: selective rapid urease tests and ammonium breath test. Medical alphabet. 2025;(6):8-12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2025-6-8-12
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