The state of cancer care in Russia: malignant tumors of the nasal cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses, prevalence and survival of patients (clinical and population-based study)

In accordance with the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10), malignant tumors (MT) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses include diagnosis codes with sub-codes C30 and C31. In world and state statistics, summary data on morbidity is summarized under two diagnosis codes, C30 and C31. Our PCR database of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation contains more than 1.5 million cases, which allows us to consider the peculiarities of the prevalence of cancer in rare groups of malignant neoplasms. The population of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation is 13.9 million people, which is more than the population of Belarus, Latvia and Estonia combined.

Objective. To study the prevalence and survival patterns of patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses using the database of the newly created NMR of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, taking into account the detailed localization structure by subheadings: C30.0.1 and C31 with subheadings C31.0.1–3.8.9.

Materials and methods. The study material is the data of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), reference books of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute and the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology. Data processing was carried out using licensed programs MS Excel 2013–2016 and STATISTICA 6.1. A modified EUROCARE program was used to calculate survival. The calculations are based on the NMR of St. Petersburg and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.

Results and discussion. The conducted study with the analysis of prevalence, assessment of the quality of registration and survival of cancer patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses, confirmed the rarity of this pathology in the world and Russia. In general, a decrease in standardized morbidity rates, including age-related ones, was established. Improvement in the quality of registration of primary patients and provision of medical care was noted. An increase in the one-year survival of patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity, middle ear over three observation periods by 20.5% and paranasal sinuses by 15.4% was revealed. Five-year survival has remained virtually unchanged.

1. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Volume XII. Registry Summary tables. https://ci5.iarc.fr/ci5-xii/tables/summary

2. Malignant tumors in Russia in 2022 (morbidity and mortality) / Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Shakhzadova A.O., Lisichnikova I.V. // Moscow: P.A. Hertsen MNIOI.– 2023.– 275 p (in Russian).

3. Merabishvili V.M. Malignant tumors in the North-West Federal Region of Russia (morbidity, mortality, index accuracy, survival). Express-information. Fifth Issue. Editors: Prof. A.M. Belyaev, Prof. A.M. Shcherbakov.– St. Petersburg: T8 Publishing technologies, 2020.– 236p.

4. Merabishvili V.M. Malignant tumors in the North-West Federal Region of Russia (Morbidity, mortality, prevalence rate, survival). Express-information. Sixth Issue. Manual for doctors / Ed. By prof A.M. Belyaev– SPb: T8 Publishing technologies, 2020.– 485 p.

5. Malignant tumors in Russia in 2010 (morbidity and mortality) / Chissov V.I., Starinsky V.V., Petrova G.V. // Moscow: P.A. Hertsen MNIOI.– 2012.– 260p (in Russian).

6. Malignant tumors in Russia in 2015 (morbidity and mortality) / Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Petrova G.V. // Moscow: P.A. Hertsen MNIOI.– 2017.– 250p (in Russian).

7. Malignant tumors in Russia in 2019 (morbidity and mortality) / Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Shakhzadova A.O. // Moscow: P.A. Hertsen MNIOI.– 2020.– 214p (in Russian).

8. Malignant tumors in Russia in 2020 (morbidity and mortality) / Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V. V, Shakhzadova A.O. // Moscow: P.A. Hertsen MNIOI.– 2021.– 252p (in Russian).

9. Malignant tumors in Russia in 2021 (morbidity and mortality) / Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Shakhzadova A.O. // Moscow: P.A. Hertsen MNIOI.– 2022.– 252p (in Russian).

10. Malignant tumors in Russia in 2000 (morbidity and mortality) / Chissov V.I., Starinsky V.V. // Moscow: P.A. Hertsen MNIOI. 2002:264 (in Russian).

11. Merabishvili V.M. Covid and cancer in Russia. // Problems in Oncology. 2022; 68(4): 381–92. doi: 10.37469/0507-3758-2022-68-4-381-392. (in Russian).

12. Merabishvili V. M. Analytical indicators. accounting reliability index. // Problems in Oncology. 2018;64(3):445–452 (in Russian).

13. Merabishvili V.M. The reliability index is the most important criterion for objective assessment of oncological service performance for all localisations of cancer, regardless of the level of mortality of patients. // Problems in Oncology. 2019;65(4):510–515 (in Russian).

14. Berrino F., Sant M., Verdecchia V., Capocaccia R., Hakulinen T., Estéve J., eds. Survival of cancer patients in Europe: the EUROCARE Study (IARC Scientific Publications No. 132). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1995.

15. Berrino F., Capocaccia R., Coleman M.P., Esteve J., Gatta G., Hakulinen T., Micheli M., Sant M., Verdecchia V., eds. Survival of cancer patients in Europe: the EUROCARE-2 study (IARC Scientific Publications No. 151). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1999.

16. Berrino F., Capocaccia R., Esteve J., Gatta G., Hakulinen T., Micheli M., Sant M., Verdecchia V., eds. EUROCARE-3: the survival of cancer patients diagnosed in Europe during 1990–94. Ann Oncol 2003; 14 (Suppl. 5): pp1–155

17. Capocaccia R., Gavin A., Hakulinen T., Lutz J.M., Sant M. (eds.) Survival of cancer patients in Europe, 1995–2002. The EUROCARE-4 study. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45.

18. De Angelis R., Sant M., Coleman M., Francisci S., Baili P., Pierannunzio D., Trama A., Visser O., Brenner H., Ardanaz E., Bielska-Lasota M., Engholm G., Nennecke A., Siesling S., Berrino F., Capocaccia R., and the EUROCARE-5 Working Group. Cancer survival in Europe 1999–2007 by country and age: results of EUROCARE-5—a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470–2045(13)70546-1

19. Merabishvili V.M. Survival of cancer patients. Issue two. Part I / Ed. Yu.A. Shcherbuk – St. Petersburg: KOSTA, 2011.– 332p.

20. Merabishvili V.M. Survival of cancer patients. Issue two. Part II / Ed. Yu.A. Shcherbuk – St. Petersburg: KOSTA, 2011.– 408p.

21. Merabishvili V.M., Belyaev A.M. The state of cancer care in Russia: one-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumors and first-year mortality rate for cancer of any site. (Population study at the federal district level) // Problems in Oncology. 2023; 69(1): 55–66 DOI 10.37469/0507-3758-2023-69-1-55-66.

22. Merabishvili V.M., Belyaev A.M. The state of oncology care in Russia: dynamics of five-year survival of patients with malignant tumors and its ranked distribution across all tumor sites. Population study at the level of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. // Problems in Oncology. 2023; 69(2): 227–237 DOI 10.37469/0507-3758-2023-69-2-227-237.

23. Merabishvili V. M., Solovyev V. I., Luzhetskiy V. A., Vasilyev A. B., Merabishvili E. N., Chepik O.F. Epidemiology and survival of patients with malignant tumors of the nasal cavity, middle ear and accessory sinuses according to the stage of disease and histological structure of tumors. Siberian journal of oncology. 2016;15(4):5–13. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2016-15-4-5-13

24. Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2020. Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/3_1

25. NCCN Clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN Guidelines®). Ethmoid sinus tumors. Maxillary sinus tumors version 2.2024)

26. Vyzhigina B.B., Kropotov M.A., Dolgushin B.I., Safarov D.A., Pogrebnyakov I.V., Isaeva M.T., Trofimov I.A. Intra-arterial chemotherapy for locally advanced nasal cavity and sinonasal tract cancers. Head and Neck Tumors (HNT). 2023;13(4):48–57. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17650/2222-1468-2023-13-4-48-57

27. Dеshkina T., Bolotina L.V., Gevorkov A.R., Boyko A.V., Kornietskaya A.L., Polyakov A.P., Golubev P., Sydykova R.S., Fedenko A.A. Results of complex treatment of patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity using induction chemotherapy. Head and Neck Tumors (HNT). 2022;12(4):10–16. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17650/2222-1468-2022-12-4-10-16

28. Thawani, R., Kim, M.S., Arastu, A., Feng, Z., West, M.T., Taflin, N.F., Thein, K.Z., Li, R., Geltzeiler, M., Lee, N., Fuller, C.D., Grandis, J.R., Floudas, C.S., Heinrich, M.C., Hanna, E. and Chandra, R.A. (2023), The contemporary management of cancers of the sinonasal tract in adults. CA A Cancer J Clin, 73: 72–112. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21752

29. Patent No. 2762238 Russian Federation, IPC A61B; A61N; A61K; A61K; A61P. A method of combined treatment of locally widespread malignant tumors of the nasopharynx text / Radjabova Z.A., Radjabov S.D., Kotov M.A., Mitrofanov A.S., Girshovich M.M., Ponomareva O.I., Klimenko V.V., Kostromina E.V.; inventer proprienter Federal State Budgetary Institution « N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (RU).– No. 2021104122; application 17.02.202; publ. 16.12.2021, Bul. No35.– 12 p.

30. Mitrofanov A. P-54. Response rate after chemoembolization with followed radiationtherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma / Mitrofanov A., Radzhabova Z., Kotov M., Radzhabov S., Girshovich M., Ponomareva O. // Oral Oncology.– 2021.– Vol.118(S).– P. 8.

31. Mitrofanov A. P-54. Response rate after chemoembolization with followed radiationtherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma / Mitrofanov A., Radzhabova Z., Kotov M., Radzhabov S., Girshovich M., Ponomareva O. // Oral Oncology.– 2021.– Vol.118(S).– P. 8.

32. Modern approach to diagnostics and treatment of locally advanced malignant head and neck // S.D. Radzhabov, A.A. Ivanov, V.G. Voronov, Z.A. Radzhabova, A.S. Mitrofanov // Endovascular surgery.– 2021.– Vol.8, № 4.– 332–338p.– DOI:10.24183/2409-4080-2021-8-4-332-33.

33. Mitrofanov A.S., Radzhabova Z.A., Kotov M.A., Radzhabova M.A. Results of treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer after superselective chemoembolization of tumor vessels. Medical alphabet. 2022;(31):35–39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-31-35-39

34. Mitrofanov, A., Radzhabova, Z., Radzhabov, S., Kotov, M., Pnomareva, O., Girshovich, M., Kostromina, E., & Klimenko, V. (2023). Results of treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal malignancies after superselective chemoembolization of tumor vessels. Voprosy Onkologii, 69(3), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2023-69-3-487-496