Состояние нутритивного статуса женщины как одного из механизмов фетального программирования

Сбалансированное питание является необходимым условием протекания физиологической беременности, развития и роста плода. Особенности современного образа жизни препятствуют формированию оптимального рациона, вследствие чего у беременных широко распространены различные нарушения питания, включая полигиповитаминозы и микроэлементозы. Дефицит микронутриентов, испытываемый плодом во время внутриутробного развития, способен изменить структуру тела, функцию стволовых клеток и регуляторных гормональных осей, что повышает вероятность развития неинфекционных заболеваний во взрослом возрасте. Наибольшее влияние на фетальное программирование оказывают фолиевая кислота и факторы метилирования, железо, цинк и магний. Для профилактики и коррекции микронутриентной недостаточности у беременных необходим комплексный подход с использованием витаминно-минеральных комплексов.

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