Новые стратегии диагностики и лечения болезни Альцгеймера: моноклональные антитела к бета-амилоиду

Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) - прогрессирующее нейродегенеративное заболевание, которое является наиболее распространенной причиной деменции. В настоящее время в мире насчитывается около 46,8 миллиона человек, страдающих БА. Считается, что число пациентов с БА удваивается почти каждые 20 лет, и все более остро стоит вопрос о своевременном лечении и продлении активной жизни данных пациентов. На сегодняшний день одобрены только пять препаратов для лечения БА, они включают ингибиторы холинэстеразы и антагонисты N-метилФ-аспартата рецепторов (мемантин). К сожалению, их применение обеспечивает временный и неполный симптоматический эффект, может сопровождаться побочными эффектами и не замедляет прогрессирование БА, поэтому крайне актуальна разработка лекарств для более эффективного лечения БА. Лабораторные и клинические исследования говорят о том, что в ближайшем будущем терапия БА станет более направленной на модификацию болезни и вероятно, что БА будет успешно лечиться еще до развития значительных когнитивных нарушений, на пресимптоматическом или доклиническом этапах. Главной терапевтической целью этих исследований является лечение патологического процесса (снижение β-амилоидоза или уменьшение образования нейрофибриллярных клубков) для предотвращения последующей нейродегенерации и возможного когнитивного снижения. В настоящее время, несмотря на всевозможные проблемы, иммунотерапия с введением моноклональных антител к β-амилоиду считается одним из наиболее перспективных подходов к уменьшению степени нейродегенерации.

болезнь Альцгеймера, нейродегенеративные заболевания, иммунотерапия, моноклональные антитела

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