Frequency of drug resistance of microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes in hospital and clinics

Antibiotic resistance remains a leading public health problem for several years. Most recently, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus etc. Antibiotic resistance is no longer passed on primarily in-hospital. On the contrary, patients come to the hospital as carriers of bacteria that are resistant to antibacterial agents. We compared the drug resistance of microorganisms and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in stationary and ambulatory institutions. Was carried out parallel independent survey of 123 hospitalized patients with different pathologies with purulent-septic complications and 103 out-patients in a clinic with various pathologies of the gastrointestinal (66 persons) and urogenital tract (37 people). In cultures the greatest resistance was found to cephalosporins and penicillins: Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 100 %. The least antibiotic resistance in cultures were Enterobacter, E. faecalis, Enterococcus up to 25-30 %. One patient identified a gene MEC-A in the absence of S. aureus by the methods of bacteriology and molecular gene diagnostic, and when sowing visuals Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Another intriguing result was the correlation of occurrence rate of the gene of resistance to cephalosporins CFX-M: Escherichia coli > Staphylococcus aureus > Staphylococcus epidermidis (p = 0.0206). Thus, the conducted work showed high incidence of resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus regardless of the conditions of the hospital and clinic. In this case the genes of resistance in hospitals and clinics are different. Particularly noteworthy are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms as providing a possible horizontal transmission of resistance genes.

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, CFX-M, MEC-A, antibiotic resistance, clinic, hospital, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, CFX-M, MEC-A

1. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013.

2. Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. 2014.

3. Bengtsson-Palme J., Angelin M., Huss M., Kjellqvist S., Kristiansson E., Palmgren H., Larsson D.G., Johansson A. The human gut microbiome as a transporter of antibiotic resistance genes between continents Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2015. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00933-15.

4. Bordon J., Master R.N., Clark R.B., Duvvuri P., Karlowsky J.A., Ayesu K., Klotchko A., Kapoor R., Ramirez J. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials in the United States from 1996 to 2008. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Aug; 67 (4). 395-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.03.006.

5. Logan L, et al. Extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriace-ae in children: Trends in the United States, 1999-2011. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc 2014: 1-9.