Epidemiological characteristics of emergency situations among medical workers and the detection of markers of HBV‑infection in donors of blood and its components in the Republic of Tatarstan

   The aim of this study was to epidemiologically characterize medical emergencies and analyze the detection of hepatitis B markers in blood and blood component donors at the regional level.

   Materials and methods. Descriptive epidemiological study with data processing in Excel, 2016. The frequency, structure, and causes of emergency situations among healthcare workers, as well as information on the frequency of detection of HBsAg and/or anti-HBc totals in donors of blood and its components for 2015–2024 in the Republic of Tatarstan, were analyzed.

   Results. From 2015 to 2022, a downward trend in the incidence of chronic HBV infection was observed (9.2 and 4.1 per 100,000 population, respectively), while in 2023–2024, an upward trend was observed (7.1 and 10.8, respectively). Positive HBsAg is detected in the serum of 2–12 blood
and blood component donors annually, representing 0.1–0.4 cases per 1,000 donors; anti-HBc total is detected in 64–606 donors, representing 2.3–26.2 cases per 1,000 donors. Of all registered emergency situations, 75–90 % were medical, with nursing staff accounting for the majority of casualties (57.1 %), and needlestick injuries (74.4 %) being the primary cause.

   Conclusion. The persistent prevalence of HBV infection markers in blood and blood component donors and ongoing workplace emergencies in healthcare organizations highlight the importance of further research into the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B.

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