Sexually transmitted infections in women of reproductive age: a descriptive study

   Background. The reproductive health is one of the determining factors of social well-being and public health. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a common cause of various urogenital diseases. Preventive medicine, including early diagnosis of diseases, plays a significant role in maintaining reproductive health at the state level.

   Objective. Assessment of the frequency of STI detection in women of reproductive age in order to form scientifically sound proposals for improving screening measures.

   Materials and methods. The study includes the results of analyzes from 333482 women of reproductive age who applied to various medical organizations in the Moscow region in 2014–2023 to detect STI DNA by real-time PCR. The assessment of the age groups most susceptible to STIs was carried out using a logistic regression model.

   Results. Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was detected in 1.8 % of samples, Neisseria gonorrhoeae – 0.2 %, Mycoplasma genitalium – 0.7 %, Trichomonas vaginalis – 0.4 %. A statistically significant increase in the chance of developing C. trachomatis was shown in women aged 18–29 years, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium aged 18–25 years, T. vaginalis at 38–45 years (p < 0,005).

   Conclusion. STIs are important factors influencing the development of diseases of the genitourinary system. In the Moscow region, DNA of STI pathogens was found in 2.9 % of women 18–45 years old. The age risk groups for C. trachomatis are 18–29 years old, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium are 18–25 years old, and T. vaginalis is 38–45 years old. A systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of STIs will reduce the incidence of STIs, complications of the genitourinary system and improve reproductive health.

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