Experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children at the Stavropol City Clinical Emergency Hospital

Introduction. Although urolithiasis is more common in adults, kidney stones can be visualized in children. The increased incidence of urolithiasis in children is associated with changes in diet, genetic factors, and lifestyle. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a minimally invasive treatment option for urolithiasis in children.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children at the City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care (hereinafter referred to as the City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care) in Stavropol.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment outcomes for urolithiasis in pediatric patients (n=37) using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was conducted between 2015 and 2023. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on the number of procedures required for a given patient to achieve satisfactory fragmentation of the calculus, as well as the presence of complications.

Results. From 2015 to 2023, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed on 37 pediatric patients (hereinafter n) in the Stavropol City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care, including 24 (64.9 %) boys and 13 (35.1 %) girls. The average age of the patients was 12.1±3.2 years.

The most common location of stones in pediatric patients was the renal pelvis (17; 45.9 %). Most patients required one fragmentation session (n=20; 54.0 %), 14 (37.8 %) patients required two sessions, and the remaining children required a third (n=2; 5.4 %) or even a fourth session (n=1; 2.7 %) to achieve satisfactory fragmentation of the stone. We did not observe any complications during the lithotripsy session itself in pediatric patients. After performing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children, we encountered the following complications: hematuria (n=9; 24.3 %), renal colic (n=5; 13.5 %), urinary tract infection (n=2; 8.3 %), which were stopped by conservative therapy methods.

Conclusion. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an effective, virtually non-invasive treatment for urolithiasis in children with stones up to 20 mm in diameter. Its high efficacy, feasibility, and minimal recovery time make it the preferred treatment method for urolithiasis in children.

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