24-Hour profiles of central systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity in adolescents with masked hypertension

Aortic systolic blood pressure (aoSBP) is a strong predictor of target organ damage. Arterial stiffness, assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events in adults. Non-invasive assessment of aoSBP and PWV can be performed using brachial oscillometry (BO) during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The aim of the study was to evaluate 24-hour aoSBP and PWV profiles obtained by BO during ABPM in adolescents with masked hypertension (MH).

Materials and methods. A simple non-interventional study of 103 adolescents (56 boys) aged 13–17 years (mean age 14.6±1.7 years) assessed 24-hour aoSBP and PWV profiles using BO. The MH group included 30 adolescents (16 boys), while the control group consisted of 73 normotensive adolescents (40 boys).

Results and discussion. Adolescents with MH had significantly higher mean 24-hour aoSBP compared to those with normal blood pressure (119.06±4.52 mmHg vs 102.23±7.36 mmHg, p=0.001). The degree of nocturnal aoSBP dipping was significantly lower in MH adolescents (9.6±5.8% vs 11.57±3.71%, p=0.04). Mean 24-hour PWV did not differ between groups (8.93±1.77 m/s vs 8.62±2.18 m/s, p=0.49), but nocturnal PWV dipping was significantly reduced in MH adolescents (7.22±9.49% vs 11.89±6.8%, p=0.006).

Conclusion. The results demonstrated that adolescents with MH have distinct 24-hour aoSBP and PWV profiles compared to normotensive adolescents, characterized by higher aoSBP values and impaired nocturnal dipping of both aoSBP and PWV.

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