Пребиотик арабиногалактан: физиологические эффекты, механизмы действия и потенциал клинического применения

В представленной обзорной работе систематизированы современные данные о роли пребиотических волокон в регуляции кишечного микробиоценоза, метаболизма и иммунного ответа. Пищевые волокна не перевариваются в желудочно-кишечном тракте человека, а, попадая в толстый кишечник, служат пребиотическим субстратом для симбиотной микробиоты. Сегодня не вызывает сомнений важная роль микроорганизмов-симбионтов в нормальном функционировании различных систем организма человека. Особое внимание уделено короткоцепочечным жирным кислотам – основным метаболитам микробной ферментации пребиотиков, которые осуществляют ключевое посредничество между микробиотой и иммунной системой организма. Раскрыты механизмы взаимодействия микробных метаболитов с популяциями Т-лимфоцитов, макрофагов, дендритных и NK-клеток, а также описано их влияние на барьерные функции и иммуногомеостаз. В фокусе обзора – арабиногалактан лиственницы сибирской как один из наиболее изученных и клинически перспективных пребиотиков природного происхождения. Рассмотрены его структурные особенности, пути метаболизации, пребиотический и иммунотропный потенциал, а также возможности включения в функциональное питание, нутрицевтики и фармакологические композиции. Обобщены данные отечественных и зарубежных исследований, подтверждающие биологическую активность и безопасность арабиногалактана, а также его перспективность в профилактике нарушений микробиоценоза и системной иммунной дисрегуляции.

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