Buy (150 RUB)
Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
Problems of micronutrient provision of children and their solutions in the CIS countries: a comparative aspect
https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2025-19-14-21
Abstract
A review of the literature in recent years was carried out using the RSCI, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases.
The purpose of the review is to characterize the provision of micronutrients to children in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan and measures to optimize it. An analysis of the literature showed that in the CIS countries there are the same problems regarding the provision of children with essential micronutrients. The diet of the majority of examined children contains insufficient levels of several micronutrients (vitamins D, group B, calcium, magnesium, etc.). The results of assessing the vitamin status of children based on in the blood or urine concentration of micronutrients show that in the listed countries the most common is a reduced level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D relative to the norm. Identified deficiencies, regardless of place of residence and season of the year, have the nature of multiple micronutrient insufficiency. The problem of multiple micronutrient deficiency, characteristic of the child population of the CIS countries, remains relevant and requires a solution. In Russia and Belarus there are no programs for mandatory fortification of consumer products with vitamins; in Kazakhstan, wheat flour is subject to fortification with micronutrients. The problem of iodine deficiency in Belarus was eliminated after 2013 through the use of iodized salt and fortification of food products. Throughout Russia, it is mandatory to use iodized salt for preparing meals in organized meals for children. The use of vitamin-mineral supplemеnts, the regulatory framework for the implementation of which is the same in all four countries, remains a realistic and effective way to optimize vitamin status.
About the Authors
D. V. Risnik
Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Risnik Dmitry V., PhD Bio Sci, leading researcher at Dept of Biophysics, Faculty at Biology
Moscow
V. M. Kodentsova
Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Kodentsova Vera M., Dr Bio Sci, professor, chief researcher at the Laboratory of Vitamins and Minerals
Moscow
S. V. Orlova
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) ; Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology of the Moscow Department of Health
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orlova Svetlana V., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology
Moscow
E. A. Nikitina
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) ; Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology of the Moscow Department of Health ; National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nikitina Elena A., PhD Med, associate professor at Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, research fellow, expert of the Methodological Accreditation and Simulation Center
Moscow
References
1. Kodentsova V.M., Risnik D.V. Multivitamin and mineral complexes: dietary supplements or medications? Trudnyj Pacient = Difficult Patient. 2021; 19 (5): 15–21. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.224412/2074‑1005‑2021‑5‑15‑21
2. Torshin I. Yu., Gromova O.A., Limanova O.A., Egorova E. Yu., Sardaryan I.S., Yudina N.V., Grishina T.R., Fedotova L.E., Galustyan A.N., Malyavskaya S.I., Volkov A.Y., Kalacheva A.G., Rudakov K.V., Kosenko I.M., Semenov V.A. Role of micronutrients sufficiency in health maintaining of children and adolescents: analysis of a large-scale sample of patients through data mining. Zhurnal im. GN Speranskogo [Pediatrics Journal named after GN Speransky]. 2015; 94 (6): 68–78. (In Russ.).
3. Borovik T.E., Guseva I.M., Semenova N.N., Zvonkova N.G., Lukoyanova O.L., Zakharova I.N., Stepanova T.N., Bushueva T.V., Surzhik A.V., Mozzhukhina L.I., Rusova T.V. Characteristics of the nutrition organization and nutrient consumption in toddlers’ living in the Central Federal District, Russian Federation (Moscow, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl) Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2016; 85 (6): 86–89. (In Russ.).
4. Lir D.N., Perevalov A. Yа. Analysis of actual home nutrition of urban children of pre-school and school age. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2019; 88 (3): 69–77. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0042‑8833‑2019‑10031
5. Filimonov S. N., Tapeshkina N. V., Koskina E. V., Vlasova O. P., Sitnikova E. M., Sviridenko O.A. State of actual nutrition for children of school age. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2020; 99(7), 719–724. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.47470/0016‑9900‑2020‑99‑7‑719‑724
6. Kozubenko O. V., Turchaninov D. V., Boyarskaya L. A., Glagoleva O. N., Pogodin I. S., Luksha E.A. Hygienic assessment of water-soluble vitamins content in the food ration of adolescents. Gigiena i Sanitariya. 2015; 94 (8): 40–45. (In Russ.).
7. Zelenkovskaya E.E., Larionova T.K., Daukaev R.A., Musabirov D.E., Allayarova G.R., Afonkina S.R., Fazlieva A.S., Aukhadieva E.A., Kurilov M.V. Analysis of the actual nutrition in primary school students of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2022; 101 (12): 1562–1567. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47470/0016‑9900‑2022‑101‑12‑1562‑1567
8. Tsukareva E.A., Avchinnikovа D.A. Comparative characteristics of the actual nutrition of younger schoolchildren with different indices of nutritional status. Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal) 2021; 100 (5): 512–518. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47470/0016‑9900‑2021‑100‑5‑512‑518
9. Komissarova Е.V. The role of potassium and magnesium in preventive nutrition of students. Current problems of modern medicine and pharmacy – 2023 [Electronic resource]: collection. materials LXXVII Int. scientific-practical conf. students and young scientists, Minsk, April 19–20. 2023 / ed. S.P. Rubnikovich, V.A. Filonyuk. Minsk: BSMU, 2023. 2213 p.
10. Bezruchko D.I., Zambrzhitsky O.N. Intake of vitamins А, Е, С, β-carotene among students of Belarusian State Medical University 2 (Republic of Belarus). European research. 2016; (7(18)): 76–79. (In Russ.).
11. Sharmanov T. Sh., Salkhanova А.B., Datkhabayeva G.K. A comparative analysis of actual nutrition for children aged 9–10 years. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2018; 87 (6): 28–41. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0042‑8833‑2018‑10064
12. Pushkarev K.A., Kausova G.K., Berlizeva Yu.A., Vasilchenko N.V., Kairat G. Vitamin D deficiency as a factor in decreased performance in adolescents. Medicine (Almaty). 2018; (2 (188)): 34–38.
13. Bakirova M.A., Tarakova G.A., Bykybaeva S.A., Serzhanova G.N., Ergeshbaeva R.B., Iteshova N. Zh. The influence of nutrition on the health of schoolchildren. Bulletin of the Kazakh National Medical University. 2016; (1): 518–521.
14. Kodentsova V.M., Risnik D.V., Ladodo O.B. Vitamin consumption: contributions of separate products and effects of different diets. Meditsinskiy opponent = Medical Opponent 2021; 1 (13): 48–56. (In Russ.).
15. Keshabyants E.E., Denisova N.N., Martinchik A.N., Smirnova E.A. Consumption of Dairy Products in the Russian Federation: A Retrospective Analysis. Public Health and Life Environment – PH&LE. 2023; 31 (12): 73–81. (In Russ.). https://DOI.org/10.35627/2219–5238/2023-31-12-73-81
16. Martinchik A.N., Keshabyants E.E., Kambarov A.O., Peskova E.V., Bryantseva S.A., Bazarova L.B., Semenova Ya.A. Dietary intake of calcium in pre-school and school children in Russia: main food sources and eating occasions. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2018; 87 (2): 24–33. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0042‑8833‑2018‑10015.
17. Agaeva L.Z., Ammosova A.M., Stepanova L.A. Iodine Deficiency And Ways Of Prevention In The Russian Federation And The Republic Of Sakha (Yakutia). Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences. 2022; (2): 26–38. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2022.27.2.004
18. Burlyaeva E.A., Kambarov A.O., Nikityuk D.B. Changes in the Nutritional Structure of the Population of Russia for 100 Years. Clinical nutrition and metabolism. 2020; 1 (1): 17–26. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.36425/clinnutrit21188
19. Kostyuchenko M.N., Kodentsova V.M., Shatnyuk L.N. Enrichment of bakery products with micronutrients: international experience and new trends. Khleboprodukty. (Bakery products). 2019; (7): 36–41. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32462/0235‑2508‑2019‑29
20. Zakharova I.N., Maltsev S.V., Borovik T.E., Yatsyk G.V., Malyavskaya S.I., Vakhlova I.V., Shumatova T.A., Romantsova E.B., Romanyuk F.P., Klimov L. Ya., Pirozhkova N.I., Kolesnikova S.M., Kuryaninova V.A., Vasilyeva S.V., Mozzhukhina M.V., Evseeva E.A. Results of the multicenter study «RODNICHOK» to study vitamin D deficiency in young children in Russia. Zhurnal im. GN Speranskogo [Pediatrics Journal named after GN Speransky]. 2015; 94 (1): 62–67. (In Russ.).
21. Petrushkina A.A., Pigarova E.A., Rozhinskaya L. Ya. The prevalence of vitamin D defi ciency in Russian Federation. Osteoporosis and bone diseases. 2018;21(3):15–20. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo10038
22. Paramonova N.S., Myslivets M.G., Shulika V.R. Vitamin D provision in children of the Grodno region involved in sports. Pediatrics. Eastern Europe. 2017; 5 (3); 280–285. (In Russ.).
23. Baiko S.V., Sukalo А.V., Vasilenko E.А., Adamenko А.V. Vitamin D deficiency, characteristics of calcium-phosphorus and bone metabolism in healthy children The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Medicinal Sciences. 2015; (3): 14–18. (In Russ.).
24. Amanzholkyzy A. Vitamin D levels in adolescents of two ethnic groups in the city of Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan. Current issues of modern medicine: materials of the International Conference of the Caspian States (Astrakhan, October 6–7, 2016).– Astrakhan: Publishing House of the Astrakhan State Medical University, 2016. P. 24–25. (In Russ.).
25. Chernysh P.P. Vitamin D status of the population of different age groups living in Tashkent. Journal of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine. 2019; (1): 33–36. (In Russ.).
26. Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaya O.A. Sufficiency of children with water-soluble vitamins (2015–2018). Vopr. Prakt. Pediatr. (Clinical Practice in Pediatrics). 2019; 14 (2): 7–14. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20953/1817‑7646‑2019‑2‑7‑14
27. Alferova V.I., Mustafina S.V., Rymar O.D. Iodine status of the population in Russia and the world: what do we have for 2019? Clinical and experimental thyroidology. 2019; 15 (2): 73–82. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/ket10353
28. Nalyotov A.V., Svistunova N.A., Masyuta D.I. Assessment of iodine supply of vegetarian children. Vopr. dietol. (Nutrition). 2023; 13 (1): 17–20. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20953/2224‑5448‑2023‑1‑17‑20
29. Kudabaeva H.I., Ketebaeva B.B., Beisenbaeva M.K., Altynbekov M.A., Zhakupova F. Zh. Results of the study of ioduria in children aged 7–11 years in the Atyrau region, Kazakhstan. Actual issues of modern medicine: materials of the International Conference of the Caspian States (Astrakhan, October 6–7, 2016). Astrakhan: Publishing house of the Astrakhan State Medical University, 2016. P. 127–128. (In Russ.).
30. Petrenko S.V., Leushev B. Yu., Gulyaeva L.S., Nikitin D.A., Laptenok S.V. Se, I, Fe, and Zn supply in population of various ecological regions of the Republic of Belarus with high incidence of thyroid disorders. J. Belarus. State Univ. Ecol. 2018; (4): 109–118. (In Russ.).
31. Petrenko S.V., Zhiltsova Yu.V., Batyan A.N., Rafalskaya E.A., Opanasenko T.S., Mozheiko V.Ch., Arnepesova H., Petrenko M.S. The state of the thyroid system in children of primary school age and pregnant women of Ostrovets district of Grodno region. Sakharov readings 2022: environmental problems of the XXI century. Minsk: IVC Minfin, 2022. P. 2. Р. 122–125. (In Russ.). https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/285289
32. Beketova N.A., Pavlovskaya E.V., Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Kosheleva O.V., Sokolnikov A.A., Strokova T.V. Biomarkers of vitamin status in obese school children. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2019; 88 (4): 66–74. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0042‑8833‑2019‑10043
33. Gerasimov G.A. Memories of the future. Clinical and experimental thyroidology. 2019; 15 (3): 90–95. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/ket12250
34. Mokhort T.V., Kolomiets N.D., Petrenko S.V., Fedorenko E.V., Mokhort A.G. Dynamic monitoring of iodine sufficiency in Belarus: results and problems. Problems of Endocrinology. 2018; 64 (3): 170–179. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/probl8686
35. Fedorenko E.V., Shulyakovskaya O.V., Voitenko S.I., Avsyankina I.O., Belysheva, L.L., Kolomiets N.D. Hygienic assessment of iodine content in food products in the Republic of Belarus. Health and Environment, 2016; (26): 159–162. (In Russ.).
36. Smagulova I.E., Meirmanov S. On the issue of assessing the consumption of fortified food products and micronutrient preparations by women and children under 5 years of age. Astana Medical Journals. 2014; (2): 62–67.
37. Suplotova L.A., Gerasimov G.A., Troshina E.A., Makarova O.B., Denisov P.M., Zaidulina A.S., Sharukho G.V. Assessing of iodine consumption with iodized salt in organized nutrition of children of preschool and school age in the Tyumen region. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2023; 92 (4): 29–37. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33029/0042‑8833‑2023‑92‑4‑29‑37
38. Regional Food Fortification Programme in Central Asia/Afghanistan Production Assessment in Kazakhstan (Wheat Flour) and Pakistan (Wheat Flour and Edible Oil). Final Report October 2015. 98 p. https://www.gainhealth.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/afghanistan-central-asia-regional-food-fortification-program-analysis-of-wheat-flour-fortification-2015.pdf (доступ: 13.12.2024).
39. Kodentsova V.M, Risnik D.V. Vitaminization of bakery products of mass demand is an effective way to correct the vitamin status of the population. Food industry: science and technology. 2019; 12 (3 (45)): 18–23. (In Russ.).
40. Studenikin V.M., Spirichev V.B., Samsonova T.V., Markeeva V.D., Anisimova T.G., Schukin S.A. et al. Influence of supplementary vitamins donation on morbidity and cognitive functions in children. Pediatric nutrition (Voprosyi detskoy dietologii). 2009; 7: (3): 32–37. (In Russ.).
41. Starostina L.S. Vitamin and mineral supply in children: a pediatrician’s view. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020; 3 (4): 319–324. DOI: 10.32364/2618‑8430‑2020‑3‑4‑319‑325
42. Kodentsova V.M., Risnik D.V. Multiple micronutrient deficiency in preschool children and methods for its correction. Attending physician. 2020; (6): 52–57. (In Russ.). https://www.lvrach.ru/2020/06/15437578
43. Kodentsova V. M., Namazova-Baranova L.S., Makarova. S. G. The National Program for Optimization of Provision with Vitamins and Minerals of Children in Russia. Summary Review of the Document. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya – Pediatric pharmacology. 2017; 14 (6): 478–493. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15690/pf.v14i6.1831
Review
For citations:
Risnik D.V., Kodentsova V.M., Orlova S.V., Nikitina E.A. Problems of micronutrient provision of children and their solutions in the CIS countries: a comparative aspect. Medical alphabet. 2025;1(19):14-21. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2025-19-14-21
Views:
36
Email this article 