Возрастные особенности основных факторов риска и клинико-лабораторных показателей у мужчин 30–50 лет с атеротромботическим инсультом

Введение. Ишемический инсульт у пациентов моложе 50 лет не является редкостью. Распространенность инсульта в молодом возрасте увеличивается из-за увеличения факторов риска. Раннее выявление факторов риска и оптимизация первичной и вторичной профилактической терапии являются обязательными для снижения бремени инсульта среди молодых людей и сохранения потенциальных лет жизни.

Цель. Выявить и оценить основные факторы риска и клинико-лабораторные показатели у мужчин в возрасте 31–40 лет и 41–50 лет с атеротромботическим инсультом.

Материалы и методы. До развития пандемии COVID-19 было обследовано 60 пациентов (средний возраст – 43,3±3,8 года). Всем проводились нейровизуализация головного мозга, ультразвуковое исследование магистральных сосудов головы, ЭхоКГ, ЭКГ, лабораторное исследование сыворотки крови.

Результаты. Среди всех пациентов в возрасте 31–40 лет было 10 пациентов (средний возраст – 37,4±2,6 года) и в возрасте 41–50 лет – 50 пациентов (средний возраст – 44,5±2,8 года). У всех пациентов отмечалось атеросклеротическое поражение магистральных артерий головы, причем стенозы более 70 % только у пациентов в возрасте 41–50 лет. Среди пациентов в возрасте 31–40 лет и 41–50 лет среди других факторов риска наиболее часто выявлялись артериальная гипертензия (90 и 72 %), курение (70 и 72 %), дислипидемия (66,7 и 60 %) и регулярное употребление алкоголя (30 и 36 %). В исследовании отмечены статистически значимые корреляции основных сосудистых факторов риска с сывороточными показателями липидного обмена, гемостаза и маркерами эндотелиальной дисфункции.

Выводы. В проведенном исследовании показана частота встречаемости основных факторов риска у пациентов с атеротромботическим инсультом в возрасте 31–40 лет и 41–50 лет, а также роль нарушений липидного обмена, гемостазиологических нарушений и эндотелиальной дисфункции в их развитии.

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