Применение метода конечно-элементного анализа при разработке новых систем дентальных имплантатов. Обзор литературы

   Введение. Разработка новых дентальных имплантатов в условиях бурно развивающейся отечественной промышленности позволяет найти альтернативные возможности при лечении клинически сложных ситуаций, подобрать необходимое индивидуальное решение при проведении операции дентальной имплантации, а соответственно выполнить операцию безошибочно и достичь желаемых результатов. Однако разработка дентального имплантата является сложным многоступенчатым процессом, в связи с чем необходимо досконально изучить как характеристики материала, из которого изготавливается имплантат, так и его биофизические особенности до момента его интеграции в костную ткань.
   Цель работы: по данным литературных источников оценить возможности и особенности применения метода конечных элементов при разработке новых систем дентальных имплантатов.
   Материал и методы. Был проведен поиск в отечественных электронных библиотеках e-library, «КиберЛенинка», а также PubMed, Medline, Web of Science и Google Scholar по следующим ключевым словам: дентальный имплантат, конечно-элементный анализ, математическая модель. Было отобрано и проанализировано 66 работ.
   Результаты. Метод конечных элементов является точным методом анализа разрабатываемого имплантата, однако имеет определенные ограничения, так как в конечно-элементной сетке граница раздела имплантата и кости представляет собой непрерывную связь. Отсутствие микродвижения на границе имплантата и кости во время нагрузки, в действительности, отличается от реальной клинической ситуации. Ожидаемая 100 % остеоинтеграция на основании 3D-моделирования не может быть идеальным вариантом и никогда не соответствует реальности в клинической ситуации. Однако использование метода конечных элементов позволяет протестировать одиночные нагрузки и углы наклона, что в клинической ситуации проявляется крайне редко.

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