Неинвазивная вентиляция легких в отделении реанимации: вчера, сегодня, завтра (обзор литературы)

Развитие медицинских технологий и появление новых методов респираторной поддержки с широкими возможностями управления положительным давлением на вдохе и выдохе сделало возможным реализацию неинвазивной вентиляции легких. Интеграция микропроцессоров в современные респираторные интерфейсы, с одной стороны, и более глубокое понимание механизмов патогенеза дыхательной недостаточности – с другой, позволило усовершенствовать и внедрить в повседневную клиническую практику разные методы неинвазивной респираторной поддержки. Накопленный в последние десятилетия опыт применения неинвазивной вентиляции легких сделал возможным широкое использование этого метода респираторной поддержки в самых разных клинических ситуациях. Однако вопросы отбора пациентов для масочной вентиляции, выбор метода и алгоритма его применения, прогноз эффективности, предупреждение отрицательных эффектов по-прежнему остаются актуальными. Это диктует необходимость продолжения изучения клинической эффективности неинвазивной вентиляции легких у пациентов с дыхательной недостаточностью различного генеза. В обзоре представлены возможности и ограничения применения неинвазивной респираторной поддержки у пациентов дыхательной недостаточностью в отделении реанимации.

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