Diseases of the urinary system in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood

More than 80% of children have long-term survival after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Antitumor treatment can lead to undesirable effects in the long term, including damage to the urinary system. Nephrotoxicity is an undesirable phenomenon of several types of treatment, including cisplatin, carboplatin, ifosfamide, and radiation therapy. A study of the health status of 100 patients who suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood, according to the EMIAS, revealed that 23 patients had never sought medical help or undergone examinations, 31% had diseases of the urinary system: 7 nephritis (22.6%), 5 urolithiasis (16.1%); cystitis – 13 (41.9%); nephritic syndrome – 4 (12.9%); chronic prostatitis – 2 (6.5%). An analysis of the incidence of urinary tract diseases in patients who had ALL in childhood, depending on the antitumor treatment performed, showed that the majority of cases (93.6%) were detected in patients with antitumor chemotherapy. The prevalence of diseases of the urinary system among adults who suffered from ALL in childhood requires a deeper study of the risks and the relationship of treatment with long-term adverse events. Clinical dynamic monitoring by a urologist of patients who suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood will allow timely detection of long-term adverse events from the urinary system, treatment and preventive measures.

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