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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-758</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Система pd-1/pd-l1 при иммунотерапии рака почки. Часть 1. Сигнальный путь pd-1/pd-l1, его роль в иммунной системе и иммунотерапии. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pd-1/pd-l1 pathway at immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma. Part 1: functions of signal way pd-1/pd-l1 for immune system and immunotherapy. Part I</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набережнов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naberezhnov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фридман</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fridman</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алферов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alferov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinsky</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre of Oncology n.a. N. N. Blokhin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М. Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute n.a. M. F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт общей генетики имени Н. И. Вавилова» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for General Genetics n.a. N. I. Vavilov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>29</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия</issue-title><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Набережнов Д.С., Морозов А.А., Фридман М.В., Алферов А.А., Базаев В.В., Кушлинский Н.Е., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Набережнов Д.С., Морозов А.А., Фридман М.В., Алферов А.А., Базаев В.В., Кушлинский Н.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naberezhnov D.S., Morozov A.A., Fridman M.F., Alferov A.A., Bazaev V.V., Kushlinsky N.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/758">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/758</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак почки - злокачественная опухоль, трудно поддающаяся традиционным методам химиотерапии. Во многих случаях выживанию опухолевых клеток способствует гиперэкспрессия белков - контрольных точек иммунной системы (таких как PD-L1), которые позволяют избегать опухолевым клеткам иммунной системы. Одним из направлений современной иммунотерапии является блокирование контрольных точек иммунитета при помощи антител. В данной части обзора нами описаны сигнальный путь PD-1, опухолевые маркеры сигнального пути PD-1, лекарственные препараты на основе ингибиторов PD-1/PD-L1, а также клинические перспективы иммунотерапии рака почки. Дана характеристика белков PD-1, PD-L1 и кодирующих их генов. Представлен анализ известных на сегодняшний день данных о механизме действия сигнального пути PD-1, его взаимодействии с другими митогенными путями и роли в регуляции иммунного ответа. Описана биологическая значимость растворимых форм PD-1/PD-L1 при различных опухолях человека и возможность их использования в диагностике, терапии опухолей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Renal cell carcinoma is highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The survival of tumor cell in several cases is assisted by overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-L1 to avoid being attacked by the immune system. One of directions of contemporary immunotherapy is the blocking of checkpoint of immunity by antibodies. This part of review describes the recent data on PD-1 pathway, tumor biomarker of PD-1 pathway, medications are PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and clinical perspectives of immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma. We provide a discription of proteins and genes of PD-1 and PD-L1. The analysis of literature data on mechanism of action of PD-1 signaling pathway, its interaction with other pathways, and the role in regulation of the immune response is presented. The biological significance of soluble PD-1/PD-L1 in human cancers and evaluate whether they are potential diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers is described.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контрольные точки иммунитета</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек иммунитета</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия опухолей</kwd><kwd>рак почки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>PD-L1</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>PD-L1</kwd><kwd>checkpoint of immunity</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors cancer immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матвеев В. Б., Волкова М. И. Последовательная таргетная терапия при диссеминированном раке почки. Онкоурология. 2013; 1: 28-33. O0I:10.17650/1726-9776-2013-9-1-28-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Матвеев В. Б., Волкова М. И. 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