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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-15-46-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние мутации BRAF на выживаемость пациентов с метастатическим колоректальным раком в зависимости от вида хирургического и лекарственного лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of BRAF mutation on survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer depending on the type of surgical and systemic treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5862-8381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаттахова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fattakhova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фаттахова Арина Сергеевна, студентка Института педиатрии и репродуктивного здоровья</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fattakhova Arina S., student at Institute of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisha.rose333@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-4994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепоров</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheporov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепоров Сергей Валентинович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры онкологии и гематологии;</p><p>заведующий отделением противоопухолевой лекарственной терапииц</p><p>AuthorID: 723405. Scopus Author ID: 25951379200</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cheporov Sergey V., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept of Oncology and Hematology;</p><p>head of Dept of Antitumor Drug Therapy</p><p>Yaroslavl</p><p>AuthorID: 723405. Scopus Author ID: 25951379200</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.cheporov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-2730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширяев</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shiryaev</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ширяев Николай Павлович, ассистент кафедры онкологии с гематологией;</p><p>врач-онколог</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shiryaev Nikolay P., assistant at Dept of Oncology with Hematology;</p><p>Oncologist</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shiryaev.nikolay89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России;&#13;
ГБУЗ ЯО «Ярославская областная клиническая онкологическая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University;&#13;
Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Oncology Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>15</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (2)</issue-title><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фаттахова А.С., Чепоров С.В., Ширяев Н.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фаттахова А.С., Чепоров С.В., Ширяев Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fattakhova A.S., Cheporov S.V., Shiryaev N.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5220">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5220</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Метастатический колоректальный рак (мКРР) остается одной из ведущих причин онкологической смертности. Мутации гена BRAF (преимущественно V600E) встречаются у 5–10% больных и ассоциированы с агрессивным течением, низкой эффективностью стандартной химиотерапии и неблагоприятным прогнозом. В российской популяции частота BRAF-мутаций составляет около 5,17%. Актуальной задачей является оценка влияния мутационного статуса, в частности BRAF, на результаты различных лечебных подходов при мКРР.Цель. Оценить медиану общей выживаемости (ОВ) пациентов с мКРР в зависимости от наличия мутаций RAS и BRAF, а также проанализировать эффективность хирургических вмешательств и вариантов лекарственной терапии в данных молекулярных подгруппах.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 342 пациентов с мКРР, пролеченных в Ярославской областной клинической онкологической больнице. Молекулярно-генетический профиль распределился следующим образом: «дикий тип» (отсутствие мутаций RAS/BRAF) – 149 наблюдений, мутации RAS – 173, мутации BRAF – 20. Лечебные группы включали: I – симптоматическую терапию (28,9%, n=99), II – резекцию первичной опухоли (44,7%, n=153), III – паллиативные операции (15,8%, n=54), IV – комбинированную резекцию первичного очага и метастазов печени (10,6%, n=36). В качестве терапии третьей линии применялись режимы FOLFOX + таргетный препарат (ТП), FOLFIRI + ТП, регорафениб и иные схемы.Результаты. Медиана ОВ составила: в группе «дикого типа» – 29 мес., при мутациях RAS – 26 мес. (p=0,28252), при мутациях BRAF – 12 мес. (p&lt;0,001). Наилучшие показатели выживаемости достигнуты при выполнении резекции первичной опухоли (группа II) – 33 мес. (95% ДИ 26,8–37,2), тогда как в группе симптоматической терапии медиана ОВ не превышала 16 мес. (95% ДИ 10,2–21,8; p&lt;0,001). Дополнительная резекция метастазов печени (группа IV) не обеспечила статистически значимого прироста ОВ по сравнению с изолированным удалением первичного очага (p=0,55254). Среди режимов третьей линии наибольшая медиана ОВ зарегистрирована при использовании FOLFOX + ТП – 42 мес. (95% ДИ 28,5–55,5), что превосходило результат регорафениба (31 мес.; p=0,012).Выводы. Мутация BRAF V600E является независимым предиктором крайне неблагоприятного прогноза при мКРР (медиана ОВ 12 мес.). Хирургическое удаление первичной опухоли значимо улучшает выживаемость во всех молекулярных подгруппах. Оптимальной стратегией третьей линии для пациентов с мутациями RAS/BRAF представляется реиндукция режима FOLFOX в комбинации с таргетной терапией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. BRAF mutations (predominantly V600E) occur in 5–10% of mCRC cases and are associated with an aggressive disease phenotype, poor response to conventional chemotherapy, and dismal prognosis. In the Russian population, the frequency of BRAF mutations is approximately 5.17 %. The assessment of the impact of mutational status, particularly BRAF, on outcomes of different treatment strategies is of high clinical relevance.Objective. To evaluate median overall survival (OS) in mCRC patients according to RAS and BRAFmutational status, and to analyze the efficacy of surgical interventions and systemic therapy options within these molecular subgroups.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 342 mCRC patients treated at Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Oncology Hospital was performed. Molecular profiles included: wild-type RAS/BRAF (n=149), RAS mutations (n=173), and BRAF mutations (n=20). Treatment groups were defined as follows: I – symptomatic therapy (28.9%, n=99); II – primary tumor resection (44.7%, n=153); III – palliative surgery (15.8%, n=54); IV – combined resection of primary tumor and liver metastases (10.6%, n=36). Third-line regimens included FOLFOX + targeted agent (TA), FOLFIRI + TA, regorafenib, and other schedules.Results. Median OS was 29 months for wild-type, 26 months for RAS-mutant (p=0.28252), and 12 months for BRAF-mutant patients (p&lt;0.001). By treatment modality, median OS was: group I – 16 months (95% CI 10.2–21.8), group II – 33 months (95% CI 26.8–37.2), group III – 30 months (95% CI 18.1–41.9), group IV – 31.5 months (95% CI 17.9–40.1) (p=0.00002). Surgical resection of the primary tumor significantly improved OS, whereas additional metastasectomy did not confer a statistically significant survival benefit (p=0.55254). Among third-line options, FOLFOX + TA achieved the longest median OS of 42 months (95% CI 28.5–55.5), significantly outperforming regorafenib (31 months; p=0.012).Conclusions. BRAF V600E mutation is an independent predictor of extremely poor prognosis in mCRC, with a median OS of only 12 months. Surgical removal of the primary tumor markedly improves survival across all molecular subgroups. In the third-line setting, re-induction with FOLFOX plus a targeted agent appears to be the optimal strategy for patients harboring RAS or BRAF mutations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>мутации RAS</kwd><kwd>мутации BRAF</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>RAS mutations</kwd><kwd>BRAF mutations</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширяев Н.П., Чепоров С.В., Малашенко В.Н., Кесельман Ю.А., Акимова А.Е., Милафетнова В.В. 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