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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-14-54-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Грибковая колонизация и инфекции у новорожденных: многолетние тенденции и современные эпидемиологические особенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fungal colonization and infections in neonates: long‑term trends and contemporary epidemiological features</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-5329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Юрьевич Алексеев,  младший научный сотрудник, врач-эпидемиолог, аспирант</p><p>НИИ медицинской микологии им. П. Н. Кашкина; научно-исследовательская лаборатория микологического мониторинга и биологии грибов; эпидемиологический отдел; кафедра эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Yu. Alekseev, junior researcher, epidemiologist, postgraduate student</p><p>Research Institute of Medical Mycology named after P. N. Kashkin; Mycological Monitoring and Fungal Biology Research Laboratory; Epidemiology Dept; Dept of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">loafeeer@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-6068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liubimova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Викторовна Любимова, д. м. н, проф., врач-эпидемиолог</p><p>кафедра эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Lyubimova, Dr. Med Sci (habil.), professor, epidemiologist</p><p>Dept of Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfection</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anna.Lyubimova@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3693-5468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Всеволодовна Васильева, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, д. б. н.,проф., директор НИИ, заведующая кафедрой</p><p>НИИ медицинской микологии им. П. Н. Кашкина; кафедра медицинской микробиологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Vasilieva, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Dr. Biol Sci (habil.), director of the Research Institute, head of Dept</p><p>Research Institute of Medical Mycology named after P. N. Kashkin; Dept of Medical Microbiology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Natalya.Vasileva@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-855X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Богданова, ассистент</p><p>кафедра медицинской микробиологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Bogdanova, assistant professor</p><p>Dept of Medical Microbiology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanova64@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-7589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набиева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nabieva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Сергеевна Набиева, к. м. н., врач-эпидемиолог, зав. отделом, доцент</p><p>эпидемиологический отдел; кафедра общей гигиены</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Nabieva, PhD Med Sci, head of Dept, epidemiologist, professor assistant</p><p>Epidemiological Dept; Dept of General Hygiene</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hamatum@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-4945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Петровна Козлова, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>кафедра клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga P. Kozlova, PhD Med Sci, associate professor</p><p>Dept of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgakozlova07@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-1121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шагдилеева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shagdileeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Шагдилеева, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>кафедра клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Shagdileeva, PhD Med Sci, associate professor</p><p>Dept of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Elena.Shagdileeva@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; СПб. ГУЗ «Детская городская больница № 17 святителя Николая Чудотворца»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; Children’s City Hospital No. 17 of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>14</issue><issue-title>Эпидемиология, гигиена, инфекционные болезни (1)</issue-title><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеев А.Ю., Любимова А.В., Васильева Н.В., Богданова Т.В., Набиева А.С., Козлова О.П., Шагдилеева Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А.Ю., Любимова А.В., Васильева Н.В., Богданова Т.В., Набиева А.С., Козлова О.П., Шагдилеева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseev A.Y., Liubimova A.V., Vasilyeva N.V., Bogdanova T.V., Nabieva A.S., Kozlova O.P., Shagdileeva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5157">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5157</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования. Охарактеризовать эпидемиологические и микробиологические особенности грибковой колонизации и инфекций у новорожденных.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Проведено наблюдательное эпидемиологическое исследование, включавшее ретроспективный одноцентровой анализ микробиологического мониторинга за 2001–2025 гг., проспективное одноцентровое наблюдение за колонизацией/инфекциями в 2021–2025 гг. и многоцентровой анализ клинически значимых грибковых инфекций у новорожденных в трех стационарах Санкт-Петербурга.</p><p>   Результаты и обсуждение. За 2021–2025 гг. в трех стационарах выявлено 376 случаев грибковых инфекций новорожденных. В структуре заболеваемости значимо преобладали вспышечные случаи (82,2 %); инфекции кровотока и катетер-ассоциированные инфекции кровотока составили (КАИК) 85 %. Ведущим возбудителем была Candida parapsilosis – 40 % случаев инфекций. По сравнению с C. albicans C. parapsilosis чаще ассоциировалась с инвазивными инфекциями, инфекциями кровотока и КАИК. В ретроспективном анализе выявлена прямая корреляция между частотой заносов и внутрибольничных эпизодов инфекции / колонизации C. albicans (r = 0,76). В одноцентровом проспективном наблюдении колонизация составила 89,0 % случаев, 60,3 % случаев имели внутрибольничное происхождение; Malassezia furfur была выявлена в 6,1 % случаев и характеризовалась поздним внутрибольничным выявлением.</p></sec><sec><title>   Выводы</title><p>   Выводы. Грибковая колонизация и инфекции у новорожденных имеют видоспецифические эпидемиологические закономерности. Внутрибольничное распространение C. albicans преимущественно связано с заносными штаммами. C. parapsilosis, напротив, характеризуется самостоятельным внутрибольничным распространением и определяет основную часть инвазивных инфекций и вспышечной заболеваемости. Выявление M. furfur и других редких дрожжевых грибов подчеркивает необходимость расширенной этиологической диагностики в отделениях высокого риска.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective. To characterize the epidemiological and microbiological features of fungal colonization and infections in neonates.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. An observational epidemiological study was conducted. It comprised a retrospective, single-center analysis of microbiological surveillance data from 2001 to 2025, a prospective, single-center study of fungal colonization and infections from 2021 to 2025, and a multicenter analysis of clinically significant fungal infections in neonates across three hospitals in Saint Petersburg.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. During 2021–2025, 376 cases of fungal infections in neonates were identified in three hospitals. Outbreak-associated cases predominated and accounted for 82.2 % of all infections. Вloodstream infections and catheter-associated bloodstream infections accounted for 85 %. The leading pathogen was Candida parapsilosis, responsible for 40 % of infections. Compared with C. albicans, C. parapsilosis was more frequently associated with invasive infections, bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Positive correlation between the rate of episodes detected on admission and hospital-acquired episodes was revealed, with C. albicans predominating in both groups (r = 0.76). In the prospective, single-center study, colonization accounted for 89.0 % of cases, while 60.3 % were hospital-acquired. Malassezia furfur was detected in 6.1 % of cases and was associated with late hospital-acquired detection.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusions</title><p>   Conclusions. Fungal colonization and infections in neonates demonstrate species-specific epidemiological patterns. Hospital spread of C. albicans was mainly associated with strains introduced by colonized patients on admission. In contrast, C. parapsilosis showed hospital transmission and accounted for a substantial proportion of invasive infections and outbreak-associated cases. Detection of M. furfur and other rare yeasts highlights the need for expanded etiological diagnostics in high-risk neonatal units.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грибковые инфекции</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>Candida parapsilosis</kwd><kwd>Candida albicans</kwd><kwd>грибковая колонизация</kwd><kwd>неонатальный стационар</kwd><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>микробиологический мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fungal infections</kwd><kwd>neonates</kwd><kwd>Candida parapsilosis</kwd><kwd>Candida albicans</kwd><kwd>fungal colonization</kwd><kwd>neonatal ward</kwd><kwd>healthcare-associated infections</kwd><kwd>microbiological surveillance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kilpatrick R., Scarrow E., Hornik C. 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