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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-14-11-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности Clostridioides difficile инфекции, связанной с оказанием медицинской помощи, в многопрофильном стационаре</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Clostridioides difficile healthcare‑associated infection in a multidisciplinary hospital</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1592-3325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Александровна Галкина, зав. отделом, врач-эпидемиолог, аспирант</p><p>отдел эпидемиологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Galkina, head of Dept, epidemiologist, postgraduate student</p><p>Epidemiology Dept</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorkyna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-3505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лялина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyalina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Владимировна Лялина, д. м. н., проф., зав. лабораторией, проф.кафедры</p><p>лаборатория эпидемиологии инфекционных и неинфекционных заболеваний; кафедра эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila V. Lyalina, Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor, head of the Laboratory, professor at Dept</p><p>Laboratory of Epidemiology of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases; Dept ofEpidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfectology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-5016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спиридонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spiridonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Анатольевна Спиридонова, зав. отделением, врач-бактериолог</p><p>отделение клинической микробиологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Spiridonova, head of Dept, bacteriologist</p><p>Clinical Microbiology Dept</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России; ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University;  St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени&#13;
И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute; North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>14</issue><issue-title>Эпидемиология, гигиена, инфекционные болезни (1)</issue-title><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галкина А.А., Лялина Л.В., Спиридонова А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галкина А.А., Лялина Л.В., Спиридонова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galkina A.A., Lyalina L.V., Spiridonova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5149">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5149</self-uri><abstract><p>   Clostridioides difficile – ведущий возбудитель антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи. Спорообразование, устойчивость к спиртовым антисептикам и фекально-оральный механизм передачи затрудняют профилактику инфекции в отделениях высокого риска многопрофильных стационаров.</p><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования: изучить распространенность, структуру и факторы риска C. difficile-инфекции в многопрофильном стационаре для оптимизации эпидемиологического мониторинга и профилактических мероприятий.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. В анализ включены результаты обследования 5209 пациентов на наличие токсинов C. difficile в кале, C. difficile-инфекция (КДИ) подтверждена в 860 случаях. В работе использованы эпидемиологический, иммуноферментный и статистический методы исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Clostridioides difficile-ассоциированная инфекция превалирует в отделениях реанимации, онкологии, трансплантации, нефрологии и гастроэнтерологии. Главный триггер заболевания – антибиотикотерапия. В период эпидемии COVID-19 увеличилась внутрибольничная заболеваемость, после 2021 г. увеличился приток пациентов, поступающих в стационар с симптомами КДИ. Пациенты после трансплантации костного мозга наиболее уязвимы к рецидивирующему течению инфекции. У больных гастроэнтерологического профиля манифестация КДИ отмечается в первые 48 часов, это требует дифференциальной диагностики с обострением воспалительных заболеваний кишечника. Частота КДИ у пациентов нефрологического, кардиологического и онкологического профилей превышает показатели хирургических отделений. Смертность среди обследованных на токсины C. difficile составила 15,3 %, доля пациентов с КДИ в структуре госпитальной летальности – 31,5 %.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Биологические свойства C. difficile существенно затрудняют локализацию очагов и сдерживание распространения инфекции в отделениях высокого риска. Наряду с антибиотикотерапией возраст больных, коморбидность и инвазивные вмешательства формируют специфический эпидемический процесс в каждом отделении. В период эпидемии COVID-19 отмечена активизация эпидемического процесса КДИ, особенно среди реципиентов костного мозга. Для снижения заболеваемости необходим комплекс мер: гигиена рук с мылом, строгая изоляция пациентов, применение спороцидных хлорсодержащих дезинфектантов и непрерывное обучение медицинского персонала.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Clostridioides difficile is a leading causative agent of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Spore formation, resistance to alcohol-based antiseptics, and the fecal-oral transmission route complicate infection control in high-risk departments.</p><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective. To study the prevalence, structure, and risk factors of C. difficile infection in a multidisciplinary hospital to optimize epidemiological monitoring and preventive measures.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. The analysis includes the results of stool samples from 5,209 patients tested for C. difficile toxins; C. difficile infection (CDI) was confirmed in 860 cases. Epidemiological, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and statistical methods of investigation were applied.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. Clostridioides difficile- infection prevails in intensive care, oncology, transplantation, nephrology, and gastroenterology departments. Antibiotic therapy remains the primary trigger of the disease. The COVID-19 epidemic led to an increase in nosocomial incidence, while an influx of patients admitted to the hospital with pre-existing CDI symptoms has been observed since 2021. Bone marrow transplant recipients are the most vulnerable cohort to recurrent infection. In gastroenterological patients, CDI manifests within the first 48 hours, requiring differential diagnosis with exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases. The frequency of CDI in nephrology, cardiology, and oncology patients exceeds that in surgical departments. The mortality rate among patients tested for C. difficile toxins was 15.3 %, and the share of CDI in the structure of hospital mortality reached 31.5 %.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. The biological properties of C. difficile significantly complicate the localization of outbreaks and containment of infection spread in high-risk departments. Along with antibiotic therapy, patient age, comorbidity, and invasive interventions shape a specific epidemic process in each department. During the COVID-19 epidemic, an activation of the CDI epidemic process was noted, particularly among bone marrow recipients. A comprehensive set of measures is required to reduce morbidity, including hand hygiene with soap, strict patient isolation, the use of sporicedal chlorine-containing disinfectants, and continuous training of medical personnel.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Clostridioides difficile-инфекция</kwd><kwd>антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея</kwd><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>трансплантация костного мозга</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>госпитальная летальность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Clostridioides difficile infection</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd><kwd>healthcare-associated infections</kwd><kwd>bone marrow transplantation</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>hospital mortality</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без привлечения спонсорских средств и дополнительного финансирования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted without any financial support</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерусланов Б. 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