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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-12-38-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цитокиновые кластеры при ревматоидном артрите: патогенетические параллели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cytokine clusters in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenetic parallels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-1679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранов Андрей Анатольевич, д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой поликлинической терапии, клинической лабораторной диагностики и медицинской биохимии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baranov Andrey A., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept Outpatient Therapy, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Medical Biochemistry.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bara_aa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-399X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапкина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapkina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапкина Наталья Александровна, к. м. н., доц., кафедры поликлинической терапии, клинической лабораторной диагностики и медицинской биохимии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lapkina Natalia A., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept Outpatient Therapy, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Medical Biochemistry.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-7731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубин</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubin</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шубин Леонид Борисович, к. м. н., доцент, кафедры общественного здоровья и здравоохранения.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shubin Leonid B., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept Public Health and Healthcare.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-7372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронцова</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorontsova</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронцова Инесса Михайловна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии, клинической лабораторной диагностики и медицинской биохимии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vorontsova Inessa M., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept Outpatient Therapy, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Medical Biochemistry.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-6538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чижов Петр Александрович, д. м. н., проф. кафедры факультетской терапии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chizhov Petr A., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor at Dept of Faculty Therapy.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1753-0752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедев Олег Владимирович, к. м. н., зав. базовой кафедрой в г. Костроме.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lebedev Oleg V., PhD Med Sci, head at Base Dept in Kostroma, deputy chief physician for Medical Part No 2.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-5760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буйдина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buydina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буйдина Татьяна Алексеевна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии, клинической лабораторной диагностики и медицинской биохимии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Buydina Tatyana A., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept Outpatient Therapy, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Medical Biochemistry</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4500-6399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Елена Владимировна, сотрудник кафедры поликлинической терапии, клинической лабораторной диагностики и медицинской биохимии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikitina Elena V., employee at Dept Outpatient Therapy, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Medical Biochemistry Department.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1043-806X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горохов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorohov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горохов Иван Алексеевич, ординатор кафедры травматологии и ортопедии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorohov Ivan A., resident at Dept of Traumatology and Orthopedics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title>Ревматология в общей врачебной практике (1)</issue-title><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранов А.А., Лапкина Н.А., Шубин Л.Б., Воронцова И.М., Чижов П.А., Лебедев О.В., Буйдина Т.А., Никитина Е.В., Горохов И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранов А.А., Лапкина Н.А., Шубин Л.Б., Воронцова И.М., Чижов П.А., Лебедев О.В., Буйдина Т.А., Никитина Е.В., Горохов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranov A.A., Lapkina N.A., Shubin L.B., Vorontsova I.M., Chizhov P.A., Lebedev O.V., Buydina T.A., Nikitina E.V., Gorohov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5126">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5126</self-uri><abstract><p>В патогенезе ревматоидного артрита (РА) важную роль играет дисбаланс продукции про- и антивоспалительных цитокинов. Серопозитивность по IgM ревматоидному фактору (РФ) и/или антителам к циклическим цитруллинированным пептидам (АЦЦП) формирует субтипы болезни. Цель исследования. Провести кластерный анализ профиля про- и антивоспалительных цитокинов, обнаруженных в сыворотке крови больных РА с развернутой стадией заболевания в сравнении со здоровыми лицами, наличием у пациентов IgM РФ и АЦЦП. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 154 больных РА (41 мужчина и 113 женщин среднего возраста 56,0 (50,0; 64,0) лет, длительностью заболевания 9,4 [3,0; 13,0] года), серопозитивных 129 (83,8 %) по IgM РФ и/или 106 (68,8 %) АЦЦП с умеренной или высокой (DAS 28-СОЭ – 5,40 [4,65; 6,00]) активностью заболевания. Определяли в сыворотке крови концентрацию интерлейкинов (ИЛ), фактора некроза опухоли α (ФНО-α), интерферона-γ (ИНФ-γ) и растворимого CD 40 лиганда (sCD 40L) мультиплексной технологией. Проведена иерархическая кластеризация цитокинов у 20 здоровых и больных РА с использованием метода Уорда (Ward’s method). При РА проводили сравнение между серонегативными и серопозитивными по IgM РФ/АЦЦП группами. Результаты. У здоровых лиц цитокиновая сеть демонстрировала физиологичный тип организации, цитокины группируются в компактные, хорошо очерченные модули с минимальным количеством перекрестных связей между отдельными компонентами, отсутствовало доминирующее провоспалительное ядро из цитокинов, отмечалась их сбалансированность. ИЛ-4 и ИЛ-10 формировали неотъемлемую и стабильную часть регуляторной компоненты. При РА цитокиновая сеть претерпевала кардинальную реорганизацию, обусловленную системным воспалением. Архитектура сети становилась значительно более сложной и фрагментированной, с формированием 4 модулей, обладающих высокой устойчивостью. Первый из них был образован ИЛ-1β и ФНО-α, второй включал цитокины оси ИЛ-17A, ИЛ-17F, ИЛ-23, в третий входили ИЛ-6 и ИНФ-γ, а в четвертый – ИЛ-4, ИЛ-10, ИЛ-31, ИЛ-33 и sCD 40L. При анализе диаграммы гиперпродукции цитокинов выделен кластер ИЛ-33. У пациентов серонегативных по IgM РФ формируются 4 модуля. Первый образован ИЛ-17A, ИЛ-23, ИЛ-25 и ИЛ-17F, второй – ИЛ-1β и ИНФ-γ, третий включает ИЛ-33, ИЛ-6 и ИЛ-10, в четвертый входят ФНО-α, ИЛ-31, sCD 40L и ИЛ-4. При серопозитивном по IgM РФ варианте РА архитектура сети становилась значительно более сложной и фрагментированной. Выделялось большее количество модулей. Первый был сформирован ИЛ-23 и ИЛ-17F, второй – ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-25, ИЛ-17A. При этом был ФНО-α встроен в каждый из них. Третий модуль включал ИНФ-γ и ИЛ-6, а четвертый – ИЛ-31 и sCD 40L, пятый был представлен ИЛ-33 и ИЛ-4. ИЛ-10 в большей мере приближен к первым двум. В группах больных с или без АЦЦП архитектура компонентов была подобной как для серонегативного и серопозитивного по IgM РФ варианта болезни с минимальными различиями. Наиболее выраженные и четкие отличия между сравниваемыми группами были получены при анализе групп пациентов с наличием или без такового IgM РФ и/или АЦЦП. Выводы. Результаты кластерного анализа демонстрируют существенные отличия архитектоники сети цитокинов при РА в сравнении с контрольной группой с выделением самостоятельного кластера ИЛ-33. Различия также наблюдаются между серонегативным и серопозитивным субтипами болезни.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An imbalance in the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Seropositivity for IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (ACCP) determines disease subtypes. The aim of the study. To conduct a cluster analysis of the profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines detected in the blood serum of RA patients with an advanced stage of the disease in comparison with healthy individuals, the presence of IgM RF and ACCP in patients. Materials and methods. The study included 154 RA patients (41 men and 113 women of middle age 56.0 [50.0; 64.0] years), disease duration 9.4 [3.0; 13.0] years), seropositive 129 (83.8 %) for IgM RF and/or 106 (68.8 %) ACCP with moderate or high (DAS 28-ESR – 5.40 [4.65; 6.00]) disease activity. Serum concentrations of interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ) and soluble CD 40 ligand (sCD 40L) were determined using multiplex technology. Hierarchical clustering of cytokines was performed in 20 healthy individuals and RA patients using Ward’s method. In RA, a comparison was made between seronegative and seropositive groups for IgM RF/ACCP. Results. In healthy individuals, the cytokine network exhibited a physiological organization. Cytokines were grouped into compact, well-defined modules with minimal cross-links between individual components. A dominant proinflammatory core of cytokines was absent, and a balanced cytokine network was observed. IL-4 and IL-10 formed an integral and stable part of the regulatory component. In RA, the cytokine network underwent a dramatic reorganization caused by systemic inflammation. The network architecture became significantly more complex and fragmented, with the formation of four highly stable modules. The first was composed of IL-1β and TNF-α; the second included the cytokines of the IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-23 axis; the third included IL-6 and IFN-γ; and the fourth included IL-4, IL-10, IL-31, IL-33, and sCD 40L. Analysis of the cytokine hyperproduction diagram revealed the IL-33 cluster. In patients seronegative for IgM RF, four modules are formed. The first is formed by IL-17A, IL-23, IL-25, and IL-17F; the second by IL-1β and IFN-γ; the third includes IL-33, IL-6, and IL-10; and the fourth includes TNF-α, IL-31, sCD 40L, and IL-4. In the IgM RF-seropositive variant of RA, the network architecture became significantly more complex and fragmented. A greater number of modules were identified. The first was formed by IL-23 and IL-17F; the second by IL-1β, IL-25, and IL-17A. TNF-α was embedded in each of them. The third module included IFN-γ and IL-6, the fourth – IL-31 and sCD 40L, the fifth – IL-33 and IL-4. IL-10 is more similar to the first two. In the patient groups with and without ACCP, the component architecture was similar for both the seronegative and IgM RF-seropositive variants of the disease, with minimal differences. The most pronounced and clear differences between the compared groups were obtained when analyzing the patient groups with and without IgM RF and/or ACCP. Conclusions. The results of cluster analysis demonstrate significant differences in the cytokine network architecture in RA compared to the control group, with the identification of a distinct IL-33 cluster. Differences are also observed between seronegative and seropositive subtypes of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>кластеры</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный фактор</kwd><kwd>АЦЦП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>clusters</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid factor</kwd><kwd>ACCP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Ревматоидный артрит». Сайт Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations «Rheumatoid arthritis». Website of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, rubricator of clinical recommendations. 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