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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-13-35-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка определения положения электрической оси сердца различными методами: возможные причины расхождения результатов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of heart electrical axis position determination by different methods: possible reasons for the discrepancy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-4315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловская</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskaya</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Леонидовна Козловская, к. м. н., науч. сотр.</p><p>лаборатория ЭКГ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina L. Kozlovskaya, PhD, research associate</p><p>ECG laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilkozlovskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9120-142X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терегулов</surname><given-names>Ю. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teregulov</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Эмильевич Терегулов, д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой</p><p>кафедра функциональной диагностики</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri E. Teregulov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Functional Diagnostics</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tereg2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-5655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Евгеньевна Карпова, к. м. н., зав. отделением</p><p>отделение функциональной диагностики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina E. Karpova, PhD, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Functional Diagnostics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina_kp@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юровский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurovsky</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Юрьевич Юровский, к. ф.-м. н., президент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Yu. Yurovsky, PhD, President</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey@atesmedica.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-3604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроздов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozdov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Владимирович Дроздов, к. м. н., в. н. с., руководитель лаборатории</p><p>лаборатория ЭКГ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Drozdov, MD, PhD, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>ECG Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cardioexp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution «E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КГМА – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional&#13;
Education, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia; FSBEI HE Kazan SMU MOH</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова» Минздрава&#13;
России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution «E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «АТЕС МЕДИКА софт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>OOO «ATES MEDICA soft»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>13</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика (2)</issue-title><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козловская И.Л., Терегулов Ю.Э., Карпова И.Е., Юровский А.Ю., Дроздов Д.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козловская И.Л., Терегулов Ю.Э., Карпова И.Е., Юровский А.Ю., Дроздов Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlovskaya I.L., Teregulov Y.E., Karpova I.E., Yurovsky A.Y., Drozdov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5105">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5105</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Актуальность</title><p>   Актуальность. Положение электрической оси сердца (ЭОС) может определяться разными способами, на практике наблюдаются расхождения между «врачебными» и автоматическими оценками положения ЭОС.</p><p>   Цель исследования – оценить значимость расхождений между оценками положения определения ЭОС разными методами у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистой патологией.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Проанализированы 12323 ЭКГ 9794 пациентов клинико-диагностического отделения НМИЦ кардиологии им. ак. Е.И. Чазова. Для каждой ЭКГ положение ЭОС определено 5 способами: табличным по процедуре Миннесотского кода (αMC), по известным формулам по «чистому вольтажу» для I и III, I и II, I и aVF отведений (αI, III, αI, II, αI, aVF); по среднему вектору комплекса QRS в I и II отведениях. Амплитудные измерения выполнялись автоматически и служили единым источником данных для всех оценок положения ЭОС. Согласованность между расчетами оценивалось методом Блэнда – Альтмана. Для случаев наибольшего расхождения проводился визуальный врачебный анализ ЭКГ.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Наилучшая согласованность наблюдалась между αMC и αI, III. Расхождения оценок нарастали с увеличением угла между осью III отведения и осями отведений aVF и II. Наибольшие различия по числу и величине несогласованностей оценок ЭОС выявлена между αMC и αm. Визуальный анализ формы векторной петли комплекса QRS во фронтальной плоскости объясняет причину несогласованности различным угловым положением суммарного электрического вектора сердца с максимальной величиной проекции на оси отведений.</p></sec><sec><title>   Выводы</title><p>   Выводы. Для сопоставимости с результатами врачебной оценки ЭОС автоматический расчет должен проводиться по I и III отведениям. Несоответствие между положением ЭОС по «чистому вольтажу» и среднему вектору может иметь самостоятельное диагностическое значение, поскольку косвенно характеризует форму петли QRS во фронтальной плоскости и, вероятно, несет информацию о деполяризации миокарда желудочков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Background</title><p>   Background. The position of the electrical heart axis (EHA) can be determined by various methods. In clinical practice, discrepancies often occur between physician-assessed and automated EHA estimates.</p></sec><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective. To evaluate the significance of discrepancies between different EHA determination methods in patients with cardiovascular pathology.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. We analyzed 12,323 ECGs from 9,794 patients. EHA position was determined using five methods: the Minnesota Code table (αMC), standard formulas using net voltage in leads I/III, I/II, and I/aVF (αI,III, αI,II, αI,aVF), and the mean QRS vector in leads I/II (αm). Amplitude measurements were automated and served as the single data source. Agreement was assessed using Bland – Altman analysis. Cases with maximal discrepancies underwent physician visual ECG review.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. Best agreement was between αMC and αI,III. Discrepancies increased with the angle between lead III and leads aVF, II. The largest differences in number and magnitude were between αMC and αm. Visual analysis of frontal plane QRS loop morphology explained these discrepancies by differences in the angular position of the net cardiac electrical vector corresponding to maximal lead projection.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Automated EHA calculation using leads I and III ensures comparability with physician assessment. Discrepancies between net voltage-based and mean vector-based EHA may have independent diagnostic value, as they characterize frontal plane QRS loop morphology and may provide information on ventricular myocardial depolarization.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электрокардиография</kwd><kwd>12 общепринятых отведений</kwd><kwd>электрическая ось сердца</kwd><kwd>комплекс QRS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrocardiogram (ECG)</kwd><kwd>standard 12-lead ECG</kwd><kwd>electrical axis of the heart</kwd><kwd>cardiac electrical axis</kwd><kwd>QRS complex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дроздов Д.В., Терегулов Ю.Э., Шутов Д.В. Оценка положения электрической оси сердца: результаты анкетирования врачей в Российской Федерации. 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