<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-13-28-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5103</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема гиподиагностики внезапной сердечной смерти у молодых пациентов с синкопальными состояниями высокого риска без структурной патологии сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The problem of underdiagnosis of sudden cardiac death in young patients with high-risk syncope without structural heart disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7130-2801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фильцов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filtsov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Владимирович Фильцов, врач-кардиолог, ассистент</p><p>кардиохирургическое отделение № 3; кафедра поликлинической терапии и клинической фармакологии</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Vladimirovich Filtsov, Cardiologist, assistant</p><p>Cardiologist, Cardiac Surgery Department No. 3; Department of Polyclinic Therapy and Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valter.maratti@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1843-5312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григоричева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoricheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Григоричева, д. м. н., профессор</p><p>кафедра поликлинической терапии и клинической фармакологии</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Aleksandrovna Grigoricheva, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p><p>Department of Outpatient Therapy and Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-5657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамовских</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramovskikh</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Сергеевна Абрамовских, д. м. н., заведующая кафедрой</p><p>кафедра клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Sergeevna Abramovskih, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Федеральный центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии»; ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery»; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South Ural State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South Ural State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>13</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика (2)</issue-title><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фильцов К.В., Григоричева Е.А., Абрамовских О.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фильцов К.В., Григоричева Е.А., Абрамовских О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filtsov K.V., Grigoricheva E.A., Abramovskikh O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5103">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5103</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель: продемонстрировать проблему гиподиагностики внезапной сердечной смерти на основе анализа успешной верификации причины синкопе у молодых пациентов с обмороками высокого риска без структурной патологии сердца после первого синкопального эпизода.</p><p>   Материалы и методы исследования. В исследование включено 128 пациентов с синкопальными состояниями. На основании критериев включения и исключения в исследование включено 63 пациента, в возрасте от 18 до 44 лет, средний возраст исследуемых составил 25,98 ± 6,69 лет. 65 пациентов не удовлетворяли вышеописанным критериям, в связи с чем в исследование не включались. Произведен анализ причин синкопе, установленных после первого обращения пациента по поводу синокпального эпизода, сопоставление этих данных с заключительным клиническим диагнозом, полученным на основании электрофизиологических и молекулярно-генетических исследований. Производилась оценка частоты рецидива синкопальных состояний и эпизодов ВСС с момента первого синкопе.</p><p>   Результаты исследования. По данным исследования было выявлено, что только 20 пациентов (31,7 %) обращались за медицинской помощью после первого синкопального эпизода. Лишь у 11 пациентов (17,7 %) после первого синкопе был верно установлен диагноз, отражающий кардиогенную причину синкопе. 52 пациентам (82,3 %) был установлен диагноз некардиогенного обморока, либо обморока неясной этиологии. Ретроспективно известно, что у всех 52 (82,5 %) пациентов произошел рецидив синкопе в течение 1–2 лет, из них у 10 пациентов (15,9 %) эпизод ВСС с успешной сердечно-легочной реанимацией. У 14 пациентов (22,6 %) на амбулаторном этапе был установлен диагноз синкопальное состояние на фоне кардиоцеребрального синдрома, у 12 (19,4 %) – вегетососудистая дистония, либо соматоформная дисфункция вегетативной нервной системы, у 8 пациентов (12,9 %) диагноз тревожного расстройства с паническими атаками, у 4 – ожирение 1,2 степени (6,5 %), у 3 – эпилепсия (4,8 %) с назначением противоэпилептических препаратов, у 2 пациентов – мигрень без ауры (3,2 %), у 2 головная боль напряжения (3,2 %), у 3 пациентов – диагноз пароксизмальные состояния без уточнения (4,8 %), у 1 – остеохондроз шейного отдела позвоночника (1,6 %) и у 2 – закрытая черепно-мозговая травма (3,2 %). После использования высокотехнологичных методов молекулярно-генетического анализа и функциональной диагностики (в том числе секвенирование генома/экзома, имплантируемый кардиомонитор, внутрисердечное электрофизиологическое исследование) были выставлены следующие заключительные диагнозы: у 12 человек выявлены редкие заболевания – каналопатии, у 16 человек – арест синусового узла и синдром Шорта, у 15 пациентов – атриовентрикулярная блокада 3 степени и 2 степени Mobitz 2, у 15 пациентов – желудочковая тахикардия, у 5 пациентов синдром Вольфа – Паркинсона – Уайта.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение: синкопальное состояние высокого риска у молодых пациентов без структурной патологии сердца должно рассматриваться, как потенциальный предиктор грозных состояний. Лишь ранняя персонификация риска рецидива синкопе и ВСС, а также своевременная верификация причины синкопе могут предотвратить фатальный исход.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. To address the problem of underdiagnosis of sudden cardiac death based on the analysis and successful verification of the cause of syncope in young patients with high-risk syncope without structural heart disease after the first syncope.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. The study included 128 patients with syncope. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 63 patients were included in the study, aged 18 to 44 years; the average age of the subjects was 25.98 ± 6.69 years. An analysis of the causes of syncope established after the patient's first visit regarding a syncope was performed, and these data were compared with the final clinical diagnosis obtained on the basis of electrophysiological and molecular genetic diagnostic methods. The frequency of recurrence of syncope and SCD episodes from the time of the first syncope was assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The study found that only 20 patients (31.7 %) sought medical attention after their first syncopal episode. Only 11 patients (17.7 %) were correctly diagnosed with a cardiac cause after their first syncope. Fifty-two patients (82.3 %) were diagnosed with non-cardiogenic syncope or syncope of unknown etiology. Retrospectively, all 52 (82.5 %) patients experienced a recurrence of syncope within 1–2 years, of which 10 patients (15.9 %) had an episode of SCD with successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In 14 patients (22.6 %), a diagnosis of syncope against the background of cardiocerebral syndrome was established at the outpatient stage, in 12 (19.4 %) – vegetative-vascular dystonia, somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, in 8 (12.9 %) a diagnosis of anxiety disorder with panic attacks, in 4 – obesity (6.5 %), 3 patients had epilepsy (4.8 %) with the prescription of antiepileptic drugs, 2 patients had migraine without aura (3.2 %), 2 had tension headache (3.2 %), 3 patients had a diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions without specification (4.8 %), 1 had osteochondrosis of the cervical spine (1.6 %) and 2 had closed craniocerebral injury (3.2 %). After using methods of molecular genetic analysis and functional diagnostics (including genome/exome sequencing, implantable cardiac monitor, intracardiac electrophysiological study), the following final diagnoses were made: 12 people were diagnosed with rare diseases – channelopathies, 16 people – sinus node arrest and Short's syndrome, 15 patients – atrioventricular block grade 3 and grade 2 Mobitz 2, 15 patients – ventricular tachycardia, 5 patients – Wolff – Parkinson – White syndrome.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. High-risk syncope in young patients without structural heart disease should be considered a potential predictor of life-threatening conditions. Early identification of the risk of recurrent syncope and sudden cardiac death, as well as timely verification of the cause of syncope, can prevent a fatal outcome.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внезапная сердечная смерть</kwd><kwd>арест синусового узла</kwd><kwd>полная атриовентрикулярная блокада</kwd><kwd>каналопатии</kwd><kwd>желудочковая тахикардия</kwd><kwd>синдром удлиненного интервала QT</kwd><kwd>синкопальные состояния</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sudden cardiac death</kwd><kwd>sinus node arrest</kwd><kwd>complete atrioventricular block</kwd><kwd>channelopathies</kwd><kwd>ventricular tachycardia</kwd><kwd>long QT syndrome</kwd><kwd>syncope</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eckart R.E., Shry E.A., Burke A.P. et al. Sudden death in young adults: an autopsy-based series of a population undergoing active surveillance. // Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2011; 58:1254–1261. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eckart R.E., Shry E.A., Burke A.P. et al. Sudden death in young adults: an autopsy-based series of a population undergoing active surveillance. // Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2011; 58:1254–1261. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brignole M., Moya A., de Lange F.J. et al.; ESC scientific document group. 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope // Eur. Heart J. 2018. Vol. 39, N 21. Р. 1883–1948. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brignole M., Moya A., de Lange F.J. et al.; ESC scientific document group. 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope // Eur. Heart J. 2018. Vol. 39, N 21. Р. 1883–1948. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dariush Mozaffarian, Emelia J Benjamin, Alan S Go et al. AHA statistical update heart disease and stroke statistics – 2016 Update a report from the American Heart Association Circulation. // Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016; 133:e38–e360. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dariush Mozaffarian, Emelia J Benjamin, Alan S Go et al. AHA statistical update heart disease and stroke statistics – 2016 Update a report from the American Heart Association Circulation. // Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016; 133:e38–e360. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen W.K., Sheldon R.S., Benditt D.G. et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/ HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association / Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society // Heart Rhythm. 2017. Vol. 14, N. 8. Р. e155–217. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.03.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen W.K., Sheldon R.S., Benditt D.G. et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/ HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association / Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society // Heart Rhythm. 2017. Vol. 14, N. 8. Р. e155–217. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.03.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Khatib S.M., Stevenson W.G., Ackerman M.J. et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guide-line for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death // Circulation. 2018. Vol. 138, N. 13. Р. e272–391. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Khatib S.M., Stevenson W.G., Ackerman M.J. et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guide-line for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death // Circulation. 2018. Vol. 138, N. 13. Р. e272–391. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W., Orgeron G., Tichnell C. еt al. Impact of exercise restriction on arrhythmic risk among patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy // J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2018. Vol. 7, N. 12. Р. e008843. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008843.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W., Orgeron G., Tichnell C. еt al. Impact of exercise restriction on arrhythmic risk among patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy // J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2018. Vol. 7, N. 12. Р. e008843. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008843.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилова М.А., Мамедов М.Н. Внезапная сердечная смерть лиц молодого возраста: факторы риска, причины, морфологические эквиваленты // Кардиология. 2015;7(55):78–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilova M.A., Mamedov M.N. Sudden cardiac death in young people: risk factors, causes, morphological equivalents // Cardiology. 2015;7(55):78–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J., Doerer J.J., Haas T.S., et al. Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006 // Circulation. 2009; Volume 119, Number 8. 119(8):1085–1092. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J., Doerer J.J., Haas T.S., et al. Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006 // Circulation. 2009; Volume 119, Number 8. 119(8):1085–1092. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregoratos G., Abrams J., Epstein A.E., et al. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines). Circulation 2002;106:214561. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02528-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gregoratos G., Abrams J., Epstein A.E., et al. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines). Circulation 2002;106:214561. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02528-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Линчак Р.М., Недбайкин А.М., Семенцова Е.В. и др. Частота и структура внезапной сердечной смертности трудоспособного населения Брянской области. Данные регистра ГЕРМИНА // Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2016;12(1):45–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linchak R.M., Nedbaikin A.M., Semenov E.V., et al. Frequency and structure of sudden cardiac death in the working-age population of the Bryansk region. Data from the GERMINA registry. // Rational pharmacotherapy in cardiology. 2016;12(1):45–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Л.М., Комолятова В.Н., Киселева И.И., Солохин Ю.А. Распространенность внезапной сердечной смерти у лиц молодого возраста в крупном мегаполисе // Медицинский алфавит – 2014/3 – Кардиология № 1 – с. 35–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov L.M., Komolyatova V.N., Kiseleva I.I., Solokhin Yu.A. Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in young people in a large metropolis // Medical alphabet – 2014/3 – Cardiology No. 1 – pp. 35–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокерия Л.А., Ревишвили А.Ш., Неминущий Н.М. Внезапная сердечная смерть // М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2011. – 267 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokeria L.A., Revishvili A.Sh., Neminushchiy N.M. Sudden cardiac death // M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2011. – 267 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Brignole, P. Alboni, D.G. Benditt et al.,“Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope – update 2004. The task force on syncope, European Society of Cardiology,” European Heart Journal,vol.25, no.22, pp.2054–2072,2004. doi: 10.1016/j.eupc.2004.08.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Brignole, P. Alboni, D.G. Benditt et al.,“Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope – update 2004. The task force on syncope, European Society of Cardiology,” European Heart Journal,vol.25, no.22, pp.2054–2072,2004. doi: 10.1016/j.eupc.2004.08.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.S.Soteriades, J.C.Evans, M.G.Larsonetal.,“Incidenceand prognosis of syncope,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol.347, no.12, pp.878885, 2002. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.S.Soteriades, J.C.Evans, M.G.Larsonetal.,“Incidenceand prognosis of syncope,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol.347, no.12, pp.878885, 2002. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Brignole, M. Disertori, C. Menozzi et al. Management of syncope referred urgently to general hospitals with and without syncope units. Europace, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 293–298, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S1099-5129(03)00047-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Brignole, M. Disertori, C. Menozzi et al. Management of syncope referred urgently to general hospitals with and without syncope units. Europace, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 293–298, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S1099-5129(03)00047-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Von Scheidt W., Bosch R., Klingenheben T. еt al. Commentary on the 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope // Kardiologe. 2019. Vol. 13, N. 3. Р. 131–137. doi: 10.1007/s12181-019-0317-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Von Scheidt W., Bosch R., Klingenheben T. еt al. Commentary on the 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope // Kardiologe. 2019. Vol. 13, N. 3. Р. 131–137. doi: 10.1007/s12181-019-0317-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">João de Sousa Bispo, Pedro Azevedo, Teresa Mota. EGSYS score for the prediction of cardiac etiology in syncope: Is it useful in an outpatient setting? // Rev Port Cardiol, 2020 May; 39(5):255–261. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.09.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">João de Sousa Bispo, Pedro Azevedo, Teresa Mota. EGSYS score for the prediction of cardiac etiology in syncope: Is it useful in an outpatient setting? // Rev Port Cardiol, 2020 May; 39(5):255–261. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.09.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yunxi Li, Jianglin Liu, Minmin Wang. Predictive value of EGSYS score in the differential diagnosis of cardiac syncope and neurally mediated syncope in children // Front Cardiovascular Medicine, 2023 March 17:10:1091778. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1091778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yunxi Li, Jianglin Liu, Minmin Wang. Predictive value of EGSYS score in the differential diagnosis of cardiac syncope and neurally mediated syncope in children // Front Cardiovascular Medicine, 2023 March 17:10:1091778. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1091778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Moya, R. Sutton, F. Ammiratietal. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009) // European HeartJournal, vol. 30, no.21, pp. 2631–2671, 2009. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. Moya, R. Sutton, F. Ammiratietal. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009) // European HeartJournal, vol. 30, no.21, pp. 2631–2671, 2009. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soteriades E., Evans J., Larson M. et al. Incidence and prognosis of syncope. The New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 347:878-885. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soteriades E., Evans J., Larson M. et al. Incidence and prognosis of syncope. The New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 347:878-885. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ungar A., Del Rosso A., Giada F. et al. Early and late outcome of treated patients referred for syncope to emergency department: the EGSYS 2 follow up study // European Heart Journal. 2010;31:2021–2026. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ungar A., Del Rosso A., Giada F. et al. Early and late outcome of treated patients referred for syncope to emergency department: the EGSYS 2 follow up study // European Heart Journal. 2010;31:2021–2026. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savage D., Corwin L., McGee D. et al. Epidemiologic features of isolated syncope: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1985;16:626-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savage D., Corwin L., McGee D. et al. Epidemiologic features of isolated syncope: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1985;16:626-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverstein M., Singer D., Mulley A. et al. Patients with syncope admitted to medical intensive care units // JAMA 1982;248:1185–1189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverstein M., Singer D., Mulley A. et al. Patients with syncope admitted to medical intensive care units // JAMA 1982;248:1185–1189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
