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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-13-8-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функция внешнего дыхания при различных фенотипах бронхиальной астмы у детей до 5 лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pulmonary function in various phenotypes of bronchial asthma in children aged under 5 years old</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Большакова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolshakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Владимировна Большакова, ассистент</p><p>педиатрический факультет; кафедра детских болезней</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Bolshakova, Assistant</p><p>Pediatric Faculty; Department of Childhood Diseases</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksu.bolshakovamalanskay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малюжинская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyuzhinskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Малюжинская, д. м. н., профессор, заведующийкафедрой</p><p>педиатрический факультет; кафедра детских болезней</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Malyuzhinskaya, Dr. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Pediatric Faculty; Department of Childhood Diseases</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maluzginskaia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Полякова, к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>педиатрический факультет; кафедра детских болезней</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Polyakova, Cand. Sci, Associate Professor</p><p>Pediatric Faculty; Department of Childhood Diseases</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olvlpolyakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Алексеевна Акулова, ассистент</p><p>педиатрический факультет; кафедра детских болезней</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Akulova, Assistant</p><p>Pediatric Faculty; Department of Childhood Diseases</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaa_akulova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахматова</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmatova</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джаннет Османовна Ахматова, аспирант</p><p>педиатрический факультет; кафедра детских болезней</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzhanet O. Akhmatova, Postgraduate Student</p><p>Pediatric Faculty; Department of Childhood Diseases</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">djanet88dracon@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State Medical University», Ministry&#13;
of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>13</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика (2)</issue-title><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Большакова О.В., Малюжинская Н.В., Полякова О.В., Акулова Е.А., Ахматова Д.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Большакова О.В., Малюжинская Н.В., Полякова О.В., Акулова Е.А., Ахматова Д.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bolshakova O.V., Malyuzhinskaya N.V., Polyakova O.V., Akulova E.A., Akhmatova D.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5099">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5099</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель: оценить особенности функции внешнего дыхания у детей от 3 до 5 лет с различными фенотипами бронхиальной астмы.</p></sec><sec><title>   Методика</title><p>   Методика. Обследован 261 ребенок в возрасте от 3 до 5 лет с верифицированным диагнозом бронхиальная астма. Обратимость бронхиальной обструкции (ΔRINTexp &gt; 0,21 кПа·л-1·с) зафиксирована во всех группах. Выделены четыре фенотипа астмы: изолированная бронхиальная астма (n = 56), бронхиальная астма+атопический дерматит (n = 81), бронхиальная астма+аллергический ринит (n = 54), бронхиальная астма + атопический дерматит + аллергический ринит (n = 70). Всем пациентам выполнено измерение сопротивления дыхательных путей методом кратковременного прерывания потока воздуха (RINT) на спироанализаторе «SuperSpiro» исходно и после пробы с сальбутамолом. Статистическая обработка включала однофакторный дисперсионный анализ, t-критерий Стьюдента с поправкой на неравенство дисперсий, критерий χ2 Пирсона.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Исходные значения RINTexp минимальны в группе изолированной бронхиальной астмы (0,9046 ± 0,16496 кПа·л-1·с) и максимальные в группе бронхиальная астма + атопический дерматит + аллергический ринит. Различия между всеми фенотипами статистически значимы (ANОVA, p &lt; 0,001; попарные сравнения р от 0,022 до &lt; 0,001). При анализе распределения по центильным коридорам выявлена крайне значимая связь фенотипа с уровнем RINTexp (χ2 = 69, p &lt; 0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Функция внешнего дыхания у детей от 3 до 5 лет с бронхиальной астмой существенно зависит от фенотипа заболевания. Нарастание коморбидности (сочетание астмы с атопическим дерматитом и/или аллергическим ринитом) ассоциируется с прогрессивным повышением сопротивления дыхательных путей. Наиболее выраженные нарушения функции внешнего дыхания наблюдаются при фенотипе бронхиальная астма + атопический дерматит + аллергический ринит.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective: to evaluate the features of pulmonary function in children over two years of age with different phenotypes of bronchial asthma.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. 261 children aged 3 to 5 years with a confirmed diagnosis of bronchial asthma were examined. The reversibility of bronchial obstruction (ΔRINTexp &gt; 0.21 kPa·l-1·s) was recorded in all groups. Four asthma phenotypes were identified: isolated bronchial asthma (n = 56), bronchial asthma + atopic dermatitis (n = 81), bronchial asthma + allergic rhinitis (n = 54), and bronchial asthma + atopic dermatitis + allergic rhinitis (n = 70). All patients underwent measurement of airway resistance using the interrupter technique (RINT) on a SuperSpiro spirometer, both initially and after a salbutamol test. Statistical processing included univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test with correction for inequality of variances, and Pearson's χ2 test.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The initial values of RINTexp are minimal in the group of isolated bronchial asthma (0.9046±0.16496 kPa·l-1·s) and maximal in the group of bronchial asthma + atopic dermatitis + allergic rhinitis. The differences between all phenotypes are statistically significant (ANOVA, p &lt; 0.001; pairwise comparisons, p from 0.022 to &lt; 0.001). The analysis of the distribution along the centile ranges revealed an extremely significant relationship between the phenotype and the RINTexp level (χ2 = 69, p &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. The pulmonary function in children aged 3 to 5 years with bronchial asthma significantly depends on the disease phenotype. An increase in comorbidity (a combination of asthma with atopic dermatitis and/or allergic rhinitis) is associated with a progressive increase in airway resistance. The most pronounced impairments of pulmonary function are observed in the phenotype of bronchial asthma + atopic dermatitis + allergic rhinitis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>дети дошкольного возраста</kwd><kwd>функция внешнего дыхания</kwd><kwd>сопротивление дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>RINT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>preschool children</kwd><kwd>pulmonary function</kwd><kwd>airway resistance</kwd><kwd>RINT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева С.В., Застрожина А.К., Зайцева О.В., Снитко С.Ю. Фенотипы бронхиальной астмы у детей: от диагностики к лечению // Практическая пульмонология. – 2018. – № 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zajceva S.V., Zastrozhina A.K., Zajceva O.V., Snitko S.Ju. 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