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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-8-38-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5091</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническое значение микро- и макрокальцификатов при узловых образованиях щитовидной железы (по данным мультипараметрического ультразвукового исследования и морфологической верификации)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical significance of micro- and macrocalcifications in thyroid nodules (based on multiparametric ultrasound and morphological verification)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4707-8214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеева Любовь Анатолиевна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом лучевой диагностики; врач-рентгенолог, врач ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofeeva Lyubov A., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor at Dept of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases with Course of Radiation Diagnostics; radiologist, ultrasound diagnostics physician</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adabai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3887-5219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrov</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александров Юрий Константинович, д. м. н., профессор кафедры хирургических болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandrov Yuri K., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor at Department of Surgical Diseases, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юманов</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yumanov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юманов Александр Олегович, аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом лучевой диагностики</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yumanov Alexander O., postgraduate student at Dept of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases with Course of Radiation Diagnostics</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">A.umanov@my18.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Сергей Сергеевич, аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом лучевой диагностики</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alekseev Sergey S., postgraduate student at Dept of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases with Course of Radiation Diagnostics</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sergey037513@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И. Н. Ульянова»; БУ «Городская клиническая больница № 1» Минздрава Чувашской Республики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University; City Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И. Н. Ульянова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (1)</issue-title><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимофеева Л.А., Александров Ю.К., Юманов А.О., Алексеев С.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимофеева Л.А., Александров Ю.К., Юманов А.О., Алексеев С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timofeeva L.A., Aleksandrov Y.K., Yumanov A.O., Alekseev S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5091">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5091</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Кальцификаты являются одним из ключевых ультразвуковых признаков в стратификации риска узловых образований щитовидной железы (ЩЖ), однако их интерпретация остается предметом дискуссий из-за неоднозначной прогностической значимости в зависимости от морфологического типа.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить прогностическую значимость микро- и макрокальцификатов в дифференциальной диагностике узловых образований ЩЖ различного гистологического строения на основе сопоставления данных мультипараметрического ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) и патоморфологического анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование, включившее 243 пациента с узловой патологией ЩЖ (102 – коллоидный зоб, 62 – аденома, 79 – рак). Всем пациентам до операции выполнялось мультипараметрическое УЗИ (В-режим, цветовое допплеровское картирование) c классификацией кальцификатов на микро- (&lt;1 мм) и макрокальцификаты (≥1 мм). Выполнен корреляционный анализ (τ Кендалла), ROC-анализ и логистическая регрессия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Кальцификаты выявлены у 56,8 % пациентов. Микрокальцификаты достоверно чаще встречались при раке ЩЖ (45,7 % против 1,6 % при зобе; p&lt;0,001) и значимо коррелировали с категориями TI-RADS высокого риска (τ=0,327; p=0,020). Макрокальцификаты преобладали при коллоидном зобе (48,2 % против 24,3 % при раке; p&lt;0,001) и не имели значимой корреляции с категорией TI-RADS при злокачественных узлах (p=0,970). При аденомах признак «кальцификаты» не достигал статистической значимости (p=0,465). ROC-анализ подтвердил высокую диагностическую ценность признака для дифференцировки коллоидного зоба и рака (AUC=0,956) и умеренную – для аденом и рака (AUC=0,860).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Микрокальцификаты являются высокоспецифичным предиктором злокачественности и требуют обязательного проведения тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии. Макрокальцификаты ассоциированы преимущественно с доброкачественными процессами и не имеют самостоятельного прогностического значения. При аденомах интерпретация кальцификатов должна проводиться только в комплексе с другими ультразвуковыми признаками.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Calcifications are a key ultrasound feature in the risk stratification of thyroid nodules, but their interpretation remains debated due to ambiguous prognostic significance depending on the morphological type.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess the prognostic significance of micro- and macrocalcifications in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules of various histological types (colloid goiter, adenoma, carcinoma) based on a comparison of multiparametric ultrasound (US) data and pathomorphological examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study included 243 patients with thyroid nodules (102 – colloid goiter, 62 – adenoma, 79 – carcinoma). All patients underwent preoperative multiparametric US (B-mode, color Doppler mapping) with classification of calcifications into micro- (&lt;1 mm) and macrocalcifications (≥1 mm). Correlation analysis (Kendall’s τ), ROC analysis, and logistic regression were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Calcifications were detected in 56.8 % of patients. Microcalcifications were significantly more frequent in thyroid carcinomas (45.7 % vs 1.6 % in goiter; p&lt;0.001) and significantly correlated with high-risk TI-RADS categories (τ=0.327; p=0.020). Macrocalcifications predominated in colloid goiter (48.2 % vs. 24.3 % in carcinoma; p&lt;0.001) and showed no significant correlation with TI-RADS category in malignant nodules (p=0.970). In adenomas, the «calcifications» sign did not reach statistical significance (p=0.465). ROC analysis confirmed high diagnostic value of the sign for differentiating colloid goiter and carcinoma (AUC=0.956) and moderate value for adenomas and carcinoma (AUC=0.860).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Microcalcifications are a highly specific predictor of malignancy and require mandatory fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Macrocalcifications are predominantly associated with benign processes and have no independent prognostic value. In adenomas, calcifications should be interpreted only in conjunction with other ultrasound features.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>узловые образования</kwd><kwd>кальцификаты</kwd><kwd>микрокальцификаты</kwd><kwd>макрокальцификаты</kwd><kwd>TI-RADS</kwd><kwd>мультипараметрическое УЗИ</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>nodular lesions</kwd><kwd>calcifications</kwd><kwd>microcalcifications</kwd><kwd>macrocalcifications</kwd><kwd>TI-RADS</kwd><kwd>multiparametric ultrasound</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фисенко Е. П., Сыч Ю. П., Заболотская Н. В. и др. Классификация TI-RADS в оценке степени злокачественности узлов щитовидной железы: методическое пособие для врачей ультразвуковой диагностики. 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