References

medalphabet

Медицинский алфавит

Medical alphabet

2078-56312949-2807

ООО «Альфмед»

10.33667/2078-5631-2026-11-35-50

medalphabet-5085

Research Article

Статьи

Неинвазивная вентиляция легких и респираторная реабилитация: современное состояние и перспективы развития

Noninvasive ventilation and respiratory rehabilitation: current state and development prospects

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-0415

Клюев

И. С.

Klyuev

I. S.

Клюев Иван Сергеевич, врач анестезиолог‑реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии‑реанимации, ассистент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной медицины

Москва

Klyuev Ivan S., anesthesiologist-resuscitator at Dept of AnesthesiologyResuscitation, assistant professor at Dept of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Emergency Medicine

Moscow

ivan.kluev11@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-2563

Власенко

А. В.

Vlasenko

A. V.

Власенко Алексей Викторович, д.м.н., доцент, зав. отделением анестезиологии‑реанимации, зав. кафедрой анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной медицины

Москва

Vlasenko Alexey V., Dr Med Sci (habil.), associate professor, head of Dept of Anesthesiology-Resuscitation, head of Dept of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Emergency Medicine

Moscow

dr.vlasenko67@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-4242

Корякин

А. Г.

Koryakin

A. G.

Корякин Альберт Геннадьевич, зав. отделением анестезиологии‑реанимации, ассистент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной медицины

Москва

Koryakin Albert G., head of Dept of Anesthesiology-Resuscitation, assistant professor at Dept of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Emergency Medicine

Moscow

koriakinalbert@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4666-522X

Швайко

С. Н.

Shvaiko

S. N.

Швайко Светлана Николаевна, к.м.н., зав. отделением пульмонологии

Москва

Shvaiko Svetlana N., PhD Med Sci, head of Pulmonology Dept.

Moscow

s.shvaiko@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3852-8877

Родионов

Е. П.

Rodionov

E. P.

Родионов Евгений Петрович, к.м.н., доцент, зам. главного врача по анестезиологии‑реаниматологии, доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной медицины

Москва

Rodionov Evgeny P., PhD Med Sci, associate professor, deputy chief physician for Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, associate professor at Dept of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Emergency Medicine

Moscow

dr.rodionov@gmail.com

Евдокимов

Е. А.

Evdokimov

E. A.

Евдокимов Евгений Александрович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры анестезиологии и неотложной медицины

Москва

Evdokimov Evgeny A., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor at Dept of Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine

Moscow

ea_evdokimov@mail.ru

ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр имени С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы ; Кафедра анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной медицины ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияS.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center ; Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Emergency Medicine Dept, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationRussian Federation

ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр имени С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения города МосквыРоссияS.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical CenterRussian Federation

Кафедра анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной медицины ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияAnesthesiology, Reanimatology and Emergency Medicine Dept, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationRussian Federation

2026

04062026

111

Кардиология. Неотложная медицина (1)

3550

2026

Клюев И.С., Власенко А.В., Корякин А.Г., Швайко С.Н., Родионов Е.П., Евдокимов Е.А.

Klyuev I.S., Vlasenko A.V., Koryakin A.G., Shvaiko S.N., Rodionov E.P., Evdokimov E.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5085

Работа посвящена современным технологиям неинвазивной вентиляции легких (НИВЛ) и методам респираторной реабилитации у пациентов с острой дыхательной недостаточностью (ОДН) различного генеза. Систематизированы данные отечественных и зарубежных исследований за последние 10 лет, включающие основные механизмы патогенеза ОДН, возможности и ограничения НИВЛ и сравнительный анализ используемых интерфейсов. Отдельно рассмотрены вопросы дисфункции дыхательной мускулатуры при ОДН, методы ее оценки и возможности восстановления функции внешнего дыхания посредством респираторных тренажеров. В работе обобщены результаты исследований, демонстрирующих потенциал интеграции НИВЛ и респираторных тренажеров в комплексной терапии пациентов с ОДН. Обсуждаются перспективы дальнейшего изучения эффективности и безопасности этих подходов в различных клинических ситуациях.

This article is devoted to current approaches to non‑invasive ventilation (NIV) and methods of respiratory rehabilitation in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Data from domestic and international studies over the past 10 years are systematized, covering the physiological basis of NIV, a comparative analysis of interfaces, as well as indications and limitations of the method. Issues of respiratory muscle dysfunction in ARF, methods for its assessment, and possibilities for restoring breathing function using respiratory trainers are considered. The review summarizes research findings demonstrating the potential for integrating NIV and respiratory trainers into the comprehensive management of patients with ARF. The prospects for further investigation of the effectiveness and safety of these approaches in various clinical settings are discussed.

неинвазивная вентиляция легкихострая дыхательная недостаточностьреспираторная реабилитациядыхательная мускулатурареспираторные тренажеры

non‑invasive ventilationacute respiratory failurerespiratory rehabilitationrespiratory musclesrespiratory trainers

References1

Алексеев Н.П., Морозов А.А. Респираторная реабилитация: современные подходы. Вестн. восстанов. мед.2022. № 1. С. 25–31.

Alekseev N.P., Morozov A.A. Respiratory rehabilitation: modern approaches. Vestn. restorative medicine. 2022. No. 1. pp. 25–31. (In Russ.).

Альтшулер В.М., Богданова М.В. Повышенное внутричерепное давление и дыхательные упражнения: мифы и реальность. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии. 2020. № 7. С. 51–56.

Altshuler V.M., Bogdanova M.V. Increased intracranial pressure and breathing exercises: myths and reality. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2020. No. 7. pp. 51–56. (In Russ.).

Астахов А.А., Бодров И.В., Карпов И.А. Современные технологии дыхательной реабилитации: методические подходы и аппаратные средства. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2023. № 2. С. 35–42.

Astakhov A.A., Bodrov I.V., Karpov I.A. Modern technologies of respiratory rehabilitation: methodological approaches and hardware. Bulletin of restorative medicine. 2023. No. 2. pp. 35–42. (In Russ.).

Баринов А.П., Макарова И.В., Сотникова И.А. Применение PEP – терапии при бронхолегочной патологии у детей. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2022. Т. 21, № 3. С. 167–172.

Barinov A.P., Makarova I.V., Sotnikova I.A. Use of PEP therapy for bronchopulmonary pathology in children. Issues of modern pediatrics. 2022. Vol. 21, No. 3. pp. 167–172. (In Russ.).

Белов Ю.С., Курлянд Н.Б. и др. Реабилитация при внебольничных пневмониях. Практическая медицина. 2020. № 10. С. 100–107.

Belov Yu. S., Kurlyand N.B., et al. Rehabilitation in community‑acquired pneumonia. Practical medicine. 2020. No. 10. pp. 100–107. (In Russ.).

Беляев А.С., Короткова Н.Э., и др. Влияние шлем – NIV на архитектуру сна. Росс. пульмонол. журнал. 2023. № 5. С. 28–35.

Belyaev A.S., Korotkova N.E., et al. Effect of helmet‑NIV on sleep architecture. Russ. pulmonological journal. 2023. No. 5. pp. 28–35. (In Russ.).

Бойцов С.А., Алексеев А.М. Инновационные технологии дыхательной реабилитации: от тренажеров к геймифицированным платформам. Пульмонология. 2022. № 4. С. 17–22.

Boytsov S.A., Alekseev A.M. Innovative technologies of respiratory rehabilitation: from simulators to gamified platforms. Pulmonology. 2022. No. 4. pp. 17–22. (In Russ.).

Воробьев А.А., Павлов С.В. Эффективность осциллирующих экспираторных устройств при ХОБЛ. Фарматека. 2021. № 12. С. 55–59.

Vorobyov A.A., Pavlov S.V. Efficiency of oscillating expiratory devices in COPD. Pharmateka. 2021. No. 12. pp. 55–59. (In Russ.).

Гайворонский И.В. Топографическая анатомия человека. СПб.: СпецЛит, 2019. 496 с.

Gaivoronsky I. V. Topographical anatomy of man. St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2019. 496 p. (In Russ.).

Гуревич М.А., Селезнев И.В. Применение инцентив – спирометров в послеоперационной реабилитации. Российский журнал физиотерапии, курортологии и восстановительной медицины. 2022. Т. 21, № 4. С. 45–50.

Gurevich M.A., Seleznev I.V. Use of incentiv‑spirometers in postoperative rehabilitation. Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022. Vol. 21, No. 4. Pp. 45–50. (In Russ.).

Дробязго В.В., Федоров А.А. Тренировка инспираторных мышц у пациентов, находящихся на ИВЛ. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2019. № 6. С. 44–52.

Drobyazgo V.V., Fedorov A.A. Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients on Mechanical Ventilation. Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. 2019. No. 6. pp. 44–52. (In Russ.).

Дыхательная реабилитация: клинические рекомендации. Под ред. Чучалина А.Г. М.: ГЭОТАР Медиа, 2021. 312 с.

Respiratory Rehabilitation: Clinical Guidelines. Ed. by Chuchalin A.G. Moscow: GEOTAR Media, 2021. 312 p. (In Russ.).

Дыхательные тренажеры «Волна» и «Дыхательная пружина». СПб.: Спульмо, 2023. 20 с.

Breathing Trainers «Wave» and «Breathing Spring». St. Petersburg: Spulmo, 2023. 20 p. (In Russ.).

Дыхательный тренажер POWERbreathe Fitness Classic. Владивосток: ПрофиСпорт ДВ, 2024. 14 с.

POWERbreathe Fitness Classic Breathing Trainer. Vladivostok: ProfiSport DV, 2024. 14 p. (In Russ.).

Иванов И.И., Петров А.С. Дыхательный метаборефлекс и периферическая вазоконстрикция при утомлении инспираторных мышц. Патофизиология. 2015. Т. 22, № 2. С. 34–40.

Ivanov I.I., Petrov A.S. Respiratory metaboreflex and peripheral vasoconstriction during inspiratory muscle fatigue. Pathophysiology. 2015. Vol. 22, No. 2. pp. 34–40. (In Russ.).

Иванова Н.Ю., Зайцев И.П. Применение дыхательных тренажеров в амбулаторной практике. Здоровье и дыхание. 2020. № 6. С. 21–26.

Ivanova N. Yu., Zaitsev I.P. Use of breathing simulators in outpatient practice. Health and Breathing. 2020. No. 6. pp. 21–26. (In Russ.).

Инструкция по применению дыхательного аппарата «Самоздрав». М.: ООО «Институт Самоздрав», 2020. 24 с.

Instructions for use of the Samozdrav breathing apparatus. Moscow: OOO Institute Samozdrav, 2020. 24 p. (In Russ.).

Инструкция по применению устройства PARI PEP® – System II. М.: ООО «ПАРИ Рус», 2021. 12 с.

Instructions for use of the PARI PEP® – System II device. Moscow: OOO PARI Rus, 2021. 12 p. (In Russ.).

Каштанова Л.А., Воронова Н.Б. Индивидуализация дыхательной реабилитации: современные принципы. Вестник современной клинической медицины. 2021. № 4. С. 69–74.

Kashtanova L.A., Voronova N.B. Individualization of Respiratory Rehabilitation: Modern Principles. Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2021. No. 4. pp. 69–74. (In Russ.).

Киселева М.В., Сергеева О.С. Аппараты типа Flutter и Acapella в клинической практике. Пульмоэксперт. 2019. № 2. С. 14–19.

Kiseleva M.V., Sergeeva O.S. Flutter and Acapella Devices in Clinical Practice. Pulmoexpert. 2019. No. 2. pp. 14–19. (In Russ.).

Корякин А.Г., Власенко А.В., Евдокимов Е.А., Маковей В.И., Ерофеев В.В., Осипов С.А., Родионов Е. П., Сластников Е.Д., Клюев И.С. Высокопоточная оксигенотерапия при отлучении от респиратора пациентов – канюленосителей. Медицинский алфавит. 2023; (6): 39–49.

Koryakin A.G., Vlasenko A.V., Evdokimov E.A., Makovey V.I., Erofeev V.V., Osipov S.A., Rodionov E. P., Slastnikov E. D., Klyuev I. S. High‑flow oxygen therapy during weaning of cannula‑wearing patients from a respirator. Medical alphabet. 2023; (6): 39–49. (In Russ.).

Крапивин С.В., Новиков Д.Е. Сравнение носовой и лицевой маски при обострении ХОБЛ. Пульмонология. 2019. № 4. С. 42–49.

Krapivin S.V., Novikov D.E. Comparison of nasal and face masks in COPD exacerbation. Pulmonology. 2019. No. 4. pp. 42–49. (In Russ.).

Кузнецов П.В., Орлова Т.В. Влияние положительного давления на гемодинамику. Евразийский архив травматологии. 2021. № 4. С. 55–62.

Kuznetsov P.V., Orlova T.V. Effect of positive airway pressure on hemodynamics. Eurasian archive of traumatology. 2021. No. 4. Pp. 55–62. (In Russ.).

Кулабухов А. В., Стрижков А. В. Нейрогенные расстройства дыхания у критически больных. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2021. № 6. С. 5–14.

Kulabukhov AV, Strizhkov AV. Neurogenic respiratory disorders in critically ill patients. Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. 2021. No. 6. Pp. 5–14. (In Russ.).

Лещенко В.В., Лещенко А.В., Зиновьева Л.Е. Современные подходы к дыхательной реабилитации после COVID‑19. Пульмонология. 2021. № 3. С. 18–29.

Leshchenko VV, Leshchenko AV, Zinovieva LE. Modern approaches to respiratory rehabilitation after COVID‑19. Pulmonology. 2021. No. 3. Pp. 18–29. (In Russ.).

Макарова И.И., Романов П.В. Медицинская реабилитация при респираторной недостаточности. Пульмонология. 2021. Т. 31, № 2. С. 45–51.

Makarova II, Romanov PV. Medical rehabilitation in respiratory failure. Pulmonology. 2021. Vol. 31, No. 2. Pp. 45–51. (In Russ.).

Макарова Т.В., Бабина Л.М. и др. Противопоказания к дыхательной реабилитации у пациентов с острыми респираторными нарушениями. Практическая медицина. 2021. № 2. С. 62–69.

Makarova T.V., Babina L.M., et al. Contraindications to respiratory rehabilitation in patients with acute respiratory disorders. Practical Medicine. 2021. No. 2. pp. 62–69. (In Russ.).

Мишина Е.В., Ермаков А.А. Неинвазивная вентиляция после экстубации. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2024. № 2. С. 36–42.

Mishina E.V., Ermakov A.A. Non‑invasive ventilation after extubation. Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. 2024. No. 2. pp. 36–42. (In Russ.).

Мясникова Е.В., Грачев А.В. Буллезная эмфизема: современные подходы к лечению. Пульмонология. 2022. № 4. С. 78–84.

Myasnikova E.V., Grachev A.V. Bullous emphysema: modern approaches to treatment. Pulmonology. 2022. No. 4. pp. 78–84. (In Russ.).

Нерсесян А.А., Горбунова Е.А. Влияние PEEP на газообмен при неинвазивной вентиляции легких. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2022. № 3. С. 12–18.

Nersesyan A.A., Gorbunova E.A. Effect of PEEP on gas exchange during non‑invasive ventilation. Anesthesiology and reanimatology. 2022. No. 3. P. 12–18. (In Russ.).

Петрова С.М., Ульянов Д.В. Реабилитация дыхательной функции у пациентов с постковидным синдромом: роль инспираторных тренажеров с биологической обратной связью. Пульмонология. 2021. № 6. С. 45–51.

Petrova S.M., Ulyanov D.V. Rehabilitation of respiratory function in patients with post‑COVID syndrome: the role of inspiratory simulators with biofeedback. Pulmonology. 2021. No. 6. pp. 45–51. (In Russ.).

Практическое руководство по дыхательной терапии и респираторной реабилитации. Под ред. А.В. Ястребова. М.: ГЭОТАР Медиа, 2022. 224 с.

Practical guide to respiratory therapy and respiratory rehabilitation. Ed. by A.V. Yastrebov. Moscow: GEOTAR Media, 2022. 224 p. (In Russ.).

Российская ассоциация анестезиологов‑реаниматологов. Консенсус по неинвазивной вентиляции легких. М.: РААР, 2010. 52 с.

Russian Association of Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators. Consensus on non‑invasive ventilation. Moscow: RAAR, 2010. 52 p. (In Russ.).

Российская ассоциация анестезиологов‑реаниматологов. Методические рекомендации по неинвазивной вентиляции легких. М., 2023. 64 с.

Russian Association of Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators. Guidelines for non‑invasive ventilation. M., 2023. 64 p. (In Russ.).

Рудакова С.В., Королева О.Е. Когнитивные нарушения и респираторная реабилитация. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии. 2023. № 2. С. 42–49.

Rudakova S.V., Koroleva O.E. Cognitive impairment and respiratory rehabilitation. Journal of neurology and psychiatry. 2023. No. 2. pp. 42–49. (In Russ.).

Сайт Spulmo.ru – Обзор респираторных тренажеров: принципы действия и показания.

Spulmo.ru website – Review of respiratory simulators: principles of operation and indications.

Сапин М. Р., Брыксин З.Г. Анатомия человека: учебник. М.: ГЭОТАР Медиа, 2022. 672 с.

Sapin M.R., Bryksin Z.G. Human anatomy: textbook. M.: GEOTAR Media, 2022. 672 p. (In Russ.).

Сафронов С. В., Кузнецов В. И. Реабилитация после кардиохирургических вмешательств. Клиническая медицина. 2022. № 5. С. 39–45.

Safronov S.V., Kuznetsov V.I. Rehabilitation after cardiac surgery. Clinical medicine. 2022. No. 5. pp. 39–45. (In Russ.).

Сидоренко Е.Н., Зорина Л.Р. Дисфункция диафрагмы при длительной искусственной вентиляции легких. Вестник интенсивной терапии. 2020. Т. 17, № 4. С. 22–30.

Sidorenko E.N., Zorina L.R. Diaphragm dysfunction during long‑term artificial ventilation. Bulletin of Intensive Care. 2020. Vol. 17, No. 4. pp. 22–30. (In Russ.).

Скворцов В.В., Дробышев А.В. Респираторный драйв и коррекция при ОДН. Критическая медицина. 2023. Т. 17, № 2. С. 45–53.

Skvortsov V.V., Drobyshev A.V. Respiratory drive and correction in ARF. Critical Medicine. 2023. Vol. 17, No. 2. pp. 45–53. (In Russ.).

Соловьева С.В., Горбунова О.Ю., Коновалова Н.И. Реабилитация пациентов с ХОБЛ: современные методы. Медицинский альманах. 2021. № 2. С. 89–97.

Solovieva S.V., Gorbunova O. Yu., Konovalova N.I. Rehabilitation of patients with COPD: modern methods. Medical Almanac. 2021. No. 2. pp. 89–97. (In Russ.).

Стандарты специализированной медицинской помощи при хронических обструктивных заболеваниях легких. Минздрав РФ, 2021. 58 с.

Standards of Specialized Medical Care for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2021. 58 p. (In Russ.).

Степанов М.Е., Михайлов А.В. Влияние дыхательной гимнастики на функцию внешнего дыхания при инсульте. Реабилитация. 2020. № 3. С. 44–48.

Stepanov M.E., Mikhailov A.V. The Effect of Breathing Exercises on External Respiratory Function in Stroke. Rehabilitation. 2020. No. 3. pp. 44–48. (In Russ.).

Тетерин А.Н., Тарасов А.И. Комплексная физиотерапия в пульмонологии: учебно‑практическое пособие. СПб.: СпецЛит, 2021. 112 с.

Teterin A.N., Tarasov A.I. Complex Physiotherapy in Pulmonology: A Study Guide. St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2021. 112 p. (In Russ.).

Федеральные клинические рекомендации по респираторной реабилитации взрослых. М.: Министерство здравоохранения РФ, 2022. 52 с.

Federal Clinical Guidelines for Respiratory Rehabilitation of Adults. Moscow: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2022. 52 p. (In Russ.).

Шевелева И.М., Ларина Т.Н. Побудительная спирометрия в реабилитации пациентов после экстубации. Вопросы курортологии, физиотерапии и лечебной физкультуры. 2018. № 5. С. 45–49.

Sheveleva I. M., Larina T. N. Incentive spirometry in the rehabilitation of patients after extubation. Issues of balneology, physiotherapy, and exercise therapy. 2018. No. 5. pp. 45–49. (In Russ.).

Шляхов Е.С., Михайлов А.А. Физиологические эффекты НИВЛ в клинической практике. Бюллетень БГМУ. 2022. Т. 8, № 1. С. 14–22.

Shlyakhov E.S., Mikhailov A.A. Physiological effects of NIVL in clinical practice. Bulletin of the Belarusian State Medical University. 2022. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp. 14–22. (In Russ.).

Шмелева Н.М., Злобина О.В. Профилактика дыхательных осложнений у хирургических больных с использованием инспираторных тренажеров. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2020. № 2. С. 27–31.

Shmeleva N.M., Zlobina O.V. Prevention of respiratory complications in surgical patients using inspiratory simulators. Bulletin of restorative medicine. 2020. No. 2. pp. 27–31. (In Russ.).

Шмидт Н.С., Миронова О.Н. Тренировка дыхательных мышц у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология. 2018. Т. 28, № 2. С. 67–74.

Schmidt N.S., Mironova O.N. Respiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonology. 2018. Vol. 28, No. 2. Pp. 67–74. (In Russ.).

Ali A., Abdelrahman H., Hussein A. и др. Helmet versus face mask noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis. 2011. Vol. 60, No. 4. P. 321–327. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2011.07.002

Ali A., Abdelrahman H., Hussein A. идр. Helmet versus face mask noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis. 2011. Vol. 60, No. 4. P. 321–327. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2011.07.002

Ambrosino N., Clini E.M. Response to “Pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID‑19 pandemic era”. Eur Respir J. 2020. Vol. 55, No. 6. P. 2001073.

American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 166 (4): 518–624.

Antonaglia V., Verzola G., Braschi A. и др. Sequential use of face mask and helmet for noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD: a prospective crossover study. Respiratory Care. 2011. Vol. 56, No. 12. P. 1825–1831. DOI: 10.4187/respcare.01136

Antonaglia V., Verzola G., Braschi A. идр. Sequential use of face mask and helmet for noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD: a prospective crossover study. Respiratory Care. 2011. Vol. 56, No. 12. P. 1825–1831. DOI: 10.4187/respcare.01136

Antonelli M., Conti G., Rocco M., et al. Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998. Vol. 339, No. 21. P. 164–171.

Arabati H., Poursalehi F., Ghorbani F. Non – invasive ventilation in burn patients with inhalation injury: a clinical review. Burns. 2019. Vol. 45, No. 6. P. 1233–1240.

Arabi Y.M., Salama M., Al Hameed F. и др. Helmet non‑invasive ventilation versus usual care in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Critical Care. 2023. Vol. 27. Art. 112. DOI: 10.1186/s13054‑023‑04321‑7

Arabi Y.M., Salama M., Al Hameed F. идр. Helmet non‑invasive ventilation versus usual care in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Critical Care. 2023. Vol. 27. Art. 112. DOI: 10.1186/s13054‑023‑04321‑7

ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. European Respiratory Journal. 2002. Vol. 19. P. 209–238.

Azoulay E., Lemiale V., Mokart D., et al. Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation vs Oxygen Therapy on Mortality Among Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015. Vol. 314, No. 16. P. 1711–1719.

Bach J.R., Gonçalves M.R. Mouthpiece ventilation in neuromuscular disease. Respir. Care. 2020. Vol. 65. P. 712–720.

Bartlett R.H., Brennan M.L., Gazzaniga A.B., Hanson E.L. Studies on the pathogenesis and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1973; 137 (6): 925–933.

Beaumont M., Mialon P., et al. Inspiratory muscle training during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta – analysis. Chron Respir Dis. 2018. Vol. 15, No. 4. P. 394–404.

Bellani G., Patroniti N., Greco G. и др. Helmet CPAP for weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation: a pilot randomized trial. Critical Care. 2013. Vol. 17, Suppl 2. P. P222. DOI: 10.1186/cc12457

Bellani G., Patroniti N., Greco G. идр. Helmet CPAP for weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation: a pilot randomized trial. Critical Care. 2013. Vol. 17, Suppl 2. P. P222. DOI: 10.1186/cc12457

Bissett B., Leditschke I.A., Neeman T. et al. Inspiratory muscle training to enhance recovery from mechanical ventilation: a randomised trial. Thorax. 2016; 71(9): 812–819. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl‑2015–208071.

Bissett B., Leditschke I.A., Paratz J.D. Inspiratory muscle training to facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2012. Vol. 2, No. 2. P. e000813.

Boussuges A., Gole Y., Blanc P. Diaphragmatic motion studied by m‑mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values. Chest. 2009. Vol. 135, No. 2. P. 391–400. DOI: 10.1378/chest.08–1541.

Brill A.– K., Chatwin M., Polkey M.I. Sleep quality under different NIV interfaces. Chest. 2022. Vol. 161. P. 602–611.

Brochard L., Isabey D., Piquet J., et al. Continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995. Vol. 332, No. 4. P. 130–135.

Cahalin L.P., Arena R., Guazzi M. et al. Inspiratory muscle training in heart failure and pulmonary disease. Chest. 2013; 143(3): 884–894. DOI: 10.1378/chest.12–1144

Çakir O., Demir T., Alptekin S. и др. Comparison of helmet and face mask noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Critical Care. 2015. Vol. 30, No. 6. P. 1193–1198.

Çakir O., Demir T., Alptekin S. идр. Comparison of helmet and face mask noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Critical Care. 2015. Vol. 30, No. 6. P. 1193–1198.

Carteaux G., Brochard L. Noninvasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2019. Vol. 45, No. 10. P. 1298–1307.

Carteaux G., MillánGuitton G., Joyeux M., et al. Assessment of Failure of Noninvasive Ventilation in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure by the HACOR Score. Intensive Care Med. 2016. Vol. 42, No. 2. P. 199–206.

Carteaux G., Millet J., Pouchon A. et al. Bedside adjustment of noninvasive ventilation settings improves breathing pattern and pulmonary gas exchange. Intensive Care Medicine. 2015. Vol. 41, No. 3. P. 376–384.

Cesarano M., Grieco D.L., Michi T. идр. Helmet noninvasive support for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: rationale, mechanism of action and bedside application. Annals of Intensive Care. 2022. Vol. 12, Art. 94. DOI: 10.1186/s13613‑022‑01069‑7

Chatburn R.L., Karnatovskaia L.V. Non‑invasive ventilation in children: modes, interfaces and clinical applications. Respiratory Care. 2018. Vol. 63, No. 12. P. 1506–1520.

Chaudhuri D., Batt J., Brushey L. и др. Helmet versus facemask for noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: systematic review and metaanalysis. Critical Care. 2022. Vol. 26, Art. 130. DOI: 10.1186/s13054‑022‑04014‑1

Chaudhuri D., Batt J., Brushey L. идр. Helmet versus facemask for noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: systematic review and metaanalysis. Critical Care. 2022. Vol. 26, Art. 130. DOI: 10.1186/s13054‑022‑04014‑1

Cheah B.C., Boland R.A., et al. Inspiratory muscle training in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2009. Vol. 16, No. 2. P. 170–175.

Combes A., Fanelli V., Pham T. Early predictive monitoring during noninvasive ventilation: a multicenter study. Critical Care. 2021. Vol. 25, Art. 162.

Condessa R.L., Brauner J.S., Saul A.L. et al. Inspiratory muscle training did not accelerate weaning from mechanical ventilation but did improve tidal volume and maximal inspiratory pressure. Respir Care. 2013; 58(12): 1838–1844. DOI: 10.4187/respcare.02384

Conti G., Cavaliere F., Costa R. и др. Noninvasive ventilation after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized study. Intensive Care Medicine. 2007. Vol. 33, No. 5. P. 931–938. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑007‑0591‑5

Conti G., Cavaliere F., Costa R. идр. Noninvasive ventilation after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized study. Intensive Care Medicine. 2007. Vol. 33, No. 5. P. 931–938. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑007‑0591‑5

Coppadoro A., Zago E., Pavan F. и др. The use of head helmets to deliver noninvasive ventilatory support: a comprehensive review of technical aspects and clinical findings. Critical Care. 2021. Vol. 25. Art. 327. DOI: 10.1186/s13054021037468

Coppadoro A., Zago E., Pavan F. идр. The use of head helmets to deliver noninvasive ventilatory support: a comprehensive review of technical aspects and clinical findings. Critical Care. 2021. Vol. 25. Art. 327. DOI: 10.1186/s13054021037468

Cosentini C., Brambilla A.M., Aliberti S. и др. Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus Oxygen Therapy to Improve Oxygenation in CommunityAcquired Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chest. 2010. Vol. 138, No. 1. P. 114120.

Cosentini C., Brambilla A.M., Aliberti S. идр. Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus Oxygen Therapy to Improve Oxygenation in CommunityAcquired Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chest. 2010. Vol. 138, No. 1. P. 114120.

CPAP Helmet for COVID19 [Электронный ресурс]. CoDesign Collaborative. 2020. URL: https://codesigncollaborative.org/mms–cpap.

CPAP Helmet for COVID19 [Электронныйресурс]. CoDesign Collaborative. 2020. URL: https://codesigncollaborative.org/mms–cpap.

Dall’Ago P., et al. Inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure and inspiratory muscle weakness: a randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006. Vol. 47, No. 4. P. 757–763.

Daynes E., Gerlis C., Chaplin E. et al. Early experiences of rehabilitation for individuals post‑ COVID to improve fatigue, breathlessness, exercise capacity and cognition – A cohort study. Chron Respir Dis. 2021; 18: 14799731211015691. DOI: 10.1177/14799731211015691

De Troyer A., Boriek A.M. Mechanics of the respiratory muscles. Comprehensive Physiology. 2011. Vol. 1, No. 3. P. 1273–1300.

Denehy L., Berney S. The use of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy in clinical practice: evidence and applications. Eur Respir J. 2019. Vol. 54, No. 1. P. 1802189.

Dimar S.r.l. Medical Device – NIV and CPAP helmets [Электронныйресурс]. URL: https://dimarspa.com/en/medical–device/.

Dolci G., Longhini F., Camporota L. идр. Performance of a novel inflatableframe helmet for noninvasive ventilation: an invitro study. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2023. Vol. 22. Art. 105. DOI: 10.1186/s12938023011059

Eaglesports. Инструкция по эксплуатации электронных инспираторных тренажеров серии POWERbreathe K. М., 2022. 36 с.

Eaglesports. Профессиональные дыхательные тренажеры POWERbreathe K для медицинской и спортивной реабилитации. М., 2022. 28 с.

Elliott M.W., Nava S. NIV and respiratory muscle unloading. HealthManagement. 2020. Vol. 15, No. 2. P. 120–128.

FagevikOlsén M., Hahn I., Nordgren S. Randomized controlled trial of prophylactic chest physiotherapy in major abdominal surgery. Br J Surg. 1997; 84 (11): 1535–1538. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800841111.

Failure of noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: risk factors and outcomes / G. Carteaux et al. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2021. Vol. 18, No. 2. P. 1–10.

Ferrari G., De Filippi G., Elia F. et al. Diaphragm ultrasound as a new index of discontinuation from mechanical ventilation. Crit Ultrasound J. 2014. Vol. 6, No. 1. P. 8. DOI: 10.1186/2036‑7902‑6‑8

Ferrer M., Esquinas A., Leon M., et al. Noninvasive ventilation in severe communityacquired pneumonia. JAMA. 2003. Vol. 290, No. 24. P. 3178–3184.

Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Technical Datasheet: Airvo 3 DualModeHighFlow and NIV System. Auckland, 2023. 12 p.

Frat J.P., Thille A.W., Mercat A. et al. Highflow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2015. Vol. 372, No. 23. P. 2185–2196.

Geddes E.L., O’Brien K., Reid W.D. et al. Inspiratory muscle training in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Respir Med. 2008. Vol. 102 (11). P. 1715–1729.

100

Girou E., et al. Pressure ulcers from nasal masks during noninvasive ventilation: incidence and risk factors. Am J Crit Care. 2021; 30 (2): 127–134.

101

Goligher E.C., Fan E., Herridge M.S. et al. Evolution of Diaphragm Thickness During Mechanical Ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015. Vol. 192, No. 9. P. 1080–1088. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201503–0620OC

102

Gómez F., Martínez R. Fisiología de la ventilación no invasiva. Rev. Méd. Madrid. 2021. Vol. 13, No. 4. P. 201–209.

103

Gosselink R., et al. Inspiratory muscle training improves exercise performance in elderly. Eur Respir J. 2011. Vol. 37, No. 2. P. 418–425.

104

Grand View Research. Noninvasive Ventilation Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report. San Francisco: Grand View Research, 2023. 145 p.

105

Grieco D. L., Menga L.S., Cesarano M. идр. Effect of helmet noninvasive ventilation vs highflow nasal oxygen on days free of respiratory support in patients with COVID19 and moderate to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: The HENIVOT randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021. Vol. 325, No. 17. P. 1731–1743. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.4682

106

Grieco D.L., Menga L.S., Roca O. Patient comfort and tolerance during noninvasive ventilation delivered by helmet versus face mask: a narrative review. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2023. Vol. 29, No. 1. P. 69–76. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000999

107

HajGhanbari B., Yamabayashi C., Buna T.R. et al. Effects of respiratory muscle training on performance in athletes: a systematic review with meta – analyses. J Strength Cond Res. 2013; 27(6): 1643–1663. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318269f73f

108

Hall J.C., Tarala R.A., Tapper J., Hall J.L. Prevention of respiratory complications after abdominal surgery: a randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 1996; 312(7024): 148–152. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.312.7024.148

109

Hellyer T.P., et al. The intensive care society recommended bundle of interventions for the prevention of ventilator‑associated pneumonia. J Intensive Care Soc. 2016. Vol. 17, No. 3. P. 238–243.

110

Herman A.I., et al. Inspiratory muscle training and seizure control: a pilot study. Epilepsy Behav. 2021. Vol. 122. P. 108170.

111

Hill K., Jenkins S.C., Philippe D.L. et al. Effects of inspiratory muscle training in COPD: systematic review and meta‑analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2010. Vol. 24 (3). P. 277–287.

112

Hill N.S., Lin D., Levy B.L. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994. Vol. 330, No. 13. P. 161–167.

113

Holland A.E., Button B.M., Lee A.L. Airway clearance techniques in bronchiectasis: state of the art review. Respiration. 2015; 89(3): 211–220. DOI: 10.1159/000381754

114

Hong X., Zhang Y., Liu Z. идр. Patient tolerance of helmet versus face mask noninvasive ventilation: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Respiratory Medicine. 2021. Vol. 189. Art. 106647. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106647

115

Hulzebos E.H., et al. Preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in high‑risk patients undergoing CABG surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2006. Vol. 296, No. 15. P. 1851–1857.

116

Illi S.K., Held U., Frank I. et al. Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Sports Med. 2012; 42 (8): 707–724. DOI: 10.2165/11631670‑000000000‑00000

117

Intersurgical. StarMedCaStar R hood for NIV [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.intersurgical.com/products/critical-care/starmed-castar-r-hood-for-niv

118

Intersurgical. StarMedCaStar R Up‑Openable hood for NIV [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.openable‑hood‑for‑niv.

119

Italiya S., Rossi G., Colombo A. идр. Prophylactic helmet CPAP after major abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study. Minerva Anestesiologica. 2012. Vol. 78, No. 10. P. 1116–1124.

120

Ivanov A.V., Petrova M.N., Sokolov D.I. Early application of helmet CPAP after highrisk surgery: singlecenter experience. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2018. Vol. 63, No. 4. P. 23–29.

121

Ivanov I.V., Petrov P.P. Respiratory muscle training in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Frontiers in Medicine. 2023; 10: 1147238. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1147238.

122

Ivanov P.A., Smirnova E.G. Successful use of StarMed helmet CPAP in a patient with morbid obesity hypoventilation syndrome: case report. Russian Journal of Pulmonology. 2022. Vol. 32, No. 5. P. 87–92. DOI: 10.18093/0869018920223258792

123

Jackson D., Sarki A.M., Betteridge R., Brooke J. Medical devicerelated pressure ulcers: a systematic review and metaanalysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2019. Vol. 92. P. 109–120.

124

Khan M., Shrestha P., et al. Custom 3‑D printed non‑invasive ventilation masks during pandemics. Procedia Engineering. 2021. Vol. 114. P. 101–109.

125

Kim W.Y., Suh H.J., Hong S.B. et al. Diaphragm dysfunction assessed by ultrasonography: influence on weaning from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2011. Vol. 39, No. 12. P. 2627–2630. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182266408

126

Köhnlein T., Windisch W., et al. Leak dynamics in NIV masks. Sleep Breath. 2021. Vol. 25. P. 745–752.

127

Laghi F., Tobin M.J. Disorders of the respiratory muscles. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2003. Vol. 168, No. 1. P. 10–48.

128

Langer D., Charususin N., Jacome C. et al. Efficacy of a novel method for inspiratory muscle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Phys Ther. 2015; 95 (9): 1264–1273. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20140576

129

Larson J.L., Covey M.K., Wirtz S.E. et al. Cycle inspiratory muscle training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 160 (2): 500–507. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9810060

130

Larson J. L., Kim M. J., Sharp J. T., Larson D. A. Inspiratory muscle training with a pressure threshold breathing device in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988; 138(3): 689–696. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/138.3.689

131

Laveneziana P., Albuquerque A., Aliverti A., et al. ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing. Eur. Respir. J. 2019. Vol. 53(6). P. 1801214.

132

Lee A.L., Burge A.T., Holland A.E. Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; (9): CD011699. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011699.pub2.

133

Li X.Y., Zhou Z.L., et al. High‑flow nasal cannula in immunocompromised pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2022. Vol. 48. P. 112–122.

134

Lin J., Dai Z., et al. AdaptiveSeal smart cushion for NIV masks. IEEE Trans. Med.Devices. 2022. Vol. 8. P. 221–229.

135

Liu K., Zhang W., et al. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID‑19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020. Vol. 39. P. 101166.

136

Liu Q., Zhang X., Zheng R. идр. Clinical efficacy of helmet versus face mask noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD: a randomized trial. International Journal of COPD. 2020. Vol. 15. P. 2239–2247. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S263456

137

Lomax M., McConnell A.K. Inspiratory muscle fatigue in swimmers after a single 200 m swim. J Sports Sci. 2003. Vol. 21, No. 8. P. 659–664.

138

Longhini F., Pisani L., Dellacasagrande M. идр. Combined highflow nasal cannula and helmet CPAP improves CO2 washout and comfort: a physiological crossover trial. Annals of Intensive Care. 2022. Vol. 12. Art. 89. DOI: 10.1186/s13613022010620

139

Loring S.H., Malhotra A. Ventilatory drive and lung injury. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2019. Vol. 199, No. 9. P. 1120–1130.

140

Lunardi A.C., Porras D.C., Carvalho C.R.F. et al. Effect of volume‑oriented incentive spirometry on chest wall volumes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Phys Ther. 2011; 91(5): 734–742. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20100176

141

MacIntyre N.R. Physiologic effects of noninvasive ventilation. Respiratory Care. 2019. Vol. 64, No. 6. P. 617–628.

142

Mauri T., Grasselli G., Suriano M. идр. Control of patient‑ventilator asynchrony by neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) during noninvasive ventilation delivered by helmet. Intensive Care Medicine. 2013. Vol. 39, No. 11. P. 2035–2043. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑013‑3047‑4

143

Mauri T., Turrini C., Eronia N. et al. Physiologic effects of highflow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2017. Vol. 195, No. 9. P. 1207–1215.

144

McConnell A. K., Lomax M. The influence of inspiratory muscle work history and specific inspiratory muscle training upon human limb muscle fatigue. J Physiol. 2006; 577 (Pt 1): 445–457. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.118067

145

McConnell A. K., Romer L.M. Respiratory muscle training in healthy humans: resolving the controversy. Int J Sports Med. 2004; 25(4): 284–293. DOI: 10.1055/s‑2004–815827

146

McCool F. D., Rosen M. J. Nonpharmacologic airway clearance therapies: ACCP evidence‑based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006; 129 (1 Suppl): 250S‑259S. DOI: 10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.250S

147

McIlwaine M., Bradley J., Elborn J.S. et al. Personalising airway clearance in chronic lung disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2017; 26 (143): 160086. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0086–2016

148

McIlwaine M. P., Alarie N., Davidson G.F. Long‑term use of PEP mask therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. Respir Care. 2013. Vol. 58, No. 8. P. 1245–1250.

149

Meduri G.U., Schnapp L.M., Lissauer M.E. Continuous positive airway pressure via face mask in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1982. Vol. 125, No. 5. P. 617–620.

150

Mehta S., Hill N.S. Noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163(2): 540–577.

151

Menga L.S., Grieco D.L., Cappellini V. идр. Integrated sensing technology in nextgeneration NIV helmets: a benchtobedside evaluation. Journal of Critical Care. 2024. Vol. 76. P. 154–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.02.015

152

Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Treatment [Электронныйресурс]. MSD Manual Professional Version. 2024. URL: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional.

153

Miller M.R., Hankinson J., Brusasco V., et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur. Respir. J. 2005. Vol. 26. P. 319–338.

154

Moço P., dos Santos G.J., Pereira I. et al. Dualchannelfibreoptic oxygen and carbon dioxide sensor for noninvasive metabolic monitoring. Sensors. 2023. Vol. 23, No. 14. P. 6451.

155

Moore K.L., Dalley A.F., Agur A.M.R. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott – Williams & Wilkins, 2018.–1168 p.

156

Morgan R.K., McNally S., Alexander M. et al. Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure: normal values and test‑retest reliability. Thorax. 2005. Vol. 60. P. 595–600.

157

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Clinical Practice Guideline. 2nd ed. Osborne Park, Western Australia: Cambridge Media, 2014.

158

Nava S., Hill N. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Lancet. 2009. Vol. 374, No. 9695. P. 250–259.

159

Navalesi P., Fanfulla F., Frigerio P. идр. Patient‑ventilator interaction during noninvasive ventilation delivered by helmet versus facial mask in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intensive Care Medicine. 2007. Vol. 33, No. 6. P. 1104–1112. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑007‑0610‑6

160

Nishimura M. High‑flow nasal cannula noise characterization. J. Intensive Care. 2019. Vol. 7. 16.

161

NIV SAFE Registry Investigators. Complications associated with noninvasive ventilation interfaces: analysis of 4820 patients. Respiratory Care. 2024. Vol. 69, No. 11. P. 14011410.

162

Ntoumenopoulos G., Presneill J.J., McElholum M. et al. Chest physiotherapy for the prevention of ventilator‑associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2002; 28(7): 850–856. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑002‑1342‑2

163

Overend T.J., Anderson C.M., Lucy S.D. et al. The effect of incentive spirometry on postoperative pulmonary complications: a systematic review. Chest. 2001; 120(3): 971–978. DOI: 10.1378/chest.120.3.971

164

Pasquina P., Tramer M.R., Walder B. Prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy after cardiac surgery: systematic review. BMJ. 2003; 327(7428): 1379. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.327.7428.1379.

165

Patel B.K. et al. Helmet noninvasive ventilation vs face mask for ARDS: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016. Vol. 315, No. 22. P. 2435–2447.

166

Patel S.B., et al. Incentive Spirometry in Postoperative Pulmonary Complication Prevention: A Review. J Clin Anesth. 2021. Vol. 69. P. 110–118.

167

Patil S.P., Maskey A. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema // Chest. 2021. Vol. 160, No. 5. P. 1702–1712.

168

Patroniti N., Saini M., Zanella A. и др. Noise exposure during continuous positive airway pressure delivered by helmet: effects of active noise control and analgesia‑sedation. Anesthesiology. 2011. Vol. 114, No. 6. P. 1410–1418. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318218f3af

169

Pavone M., Fanfulla F., De Villa E. Mouthpiece ventilation in neuromuscular disorders: current perspectives // Neuromuscular Disorders. 2021. Vol. 31, No. 5. P. 447–454.

170

Perkins G.D., Ji C., Connolly B. идр. An adaptive randomised controlled trial of noninvasive respiratory strategies in acute respiratory failure patients with COVID‑19 (RECOVERYRS). The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2022. Vol. 10, No. 11. P. 1138–1148. DOI: 10.1016/S2213–2600(21)00460‑7

171

Piper A.J., Grunstein R.R. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2015. Vol. 20. P. 79–87.

172

Pisani L., Corcione N., et al. Acoustic burden of helmet ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2021. Vol. 47. P. 276–284.

173

Pisani L., Mega C., Vaschetto R. идр. Helmet versus face mask for noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized trials. Critical Care. 2022. Vol. 26. Art. 57. DOI: 10.1186/s13054022‑03964‑9

174

Pisani L., Vega M.L., et al. Leak compensation in helmets. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2020. Vol. 282. 103508.

175

POWERbreathe Classic Medium Resistance. Бирмингем: Powerbreathe International Ltd., 2022. 18 p.

176

POWERbreathe. Тренажеры для дыхательных мышц. М.: Эйгл Спорт, 2023. 24 с.

177

Principi T., Pantanetti S., Scotti M. идр. Continuous positive airway pressure delivered by helmet for noninvasive ventilation after major abdominal surgery in paediatriconco-hematologic patients: a pilot study. Intensive Care Medicine. 2004. Vol. 30, No. 1. P. 96–101. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑003‑2043‑3

178

Pryor J.A., Prasad S.A. Physiotherapy for respiratory and cardiac problems: adults and paediatrics. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2019. 648 p.

179

Rabitsch W., Schellongowski P., Hetz H. идр. Non‑invasive ventilation with a helmet in immunosuppressed patients with acute respiratory failure. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 34, No. 6. P. 447–451. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704637

180

Radovanovic D., Coppadoro A., Franceschi E. и др. Helmet CPAP to treat hypoxemic acute respiratory failure due to COVID‑19: a multicenter cohort study. Critical Care. 2021. Vol. 25. Art. 128. DOI: 10.1186/s13054‑021‑03560‑2

181

Restrepo R.D., Wettstein R., Wittnebel L., Tracy M. Incentive spirometry: 2011. Respir Care. 2011; 56(10): 1600–1604. DOI: 10.4187/respcare.01471

182

Roca O., Caralt B., Messika J. идр. Current evidence for high‑flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure and periintubation period. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2019. Vol. 16, No. 9. P. 1102–1111. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201902–127FR

183

Roca O., Messika J., Caralt B., et al. Predicting Success of HighFlow Nasal Oxygen Therapy: The ROX Index. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2019. Vol. 199, No. 11. P. 1368–1376.

184

Rocco M., Dell’Utri D., Morelli A. идр. Noninvasive ventilation by helmet or face mask in immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: A casecontrol study. Chest. 2004. Vol. 126, No. 5. P. 1508–1515.

185

Rochester C. L., Vogiatzis I., Holland A. E., et al. Enhancing implementation and use of pulmonary rehabilitation. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2015. Vol. 192 (11). P. 1373–1386.

186

Rochwerg B., Brochard L., Elliott M.W., et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2017; 50(2): 1602426. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02426–2016

187

Rochwerg B. et al. ERS/ATS guidelines on noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Eur. Respir. J. 2017. Vol. 50. Art. 1602426.

188

Sánchez J., Derenne J.P., Debesse B. et al. Typology of the respiratory muscles in normal men and in patients with moderate chronic respiratory diseases. Bulletin Européen de Physiopathologie Respiratoire. 1982. Vol. 18, No. 6. P. 901–914.

189

Santos L.R., García M., Kumar A. Inspiratory muscle training in subacute respiratory failure: results of a randomized controlled trial // Frontiers in Physiology. 2024; 15: 1265234. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1265234

190

Sarwal A., Walker F.O., Cartwright M.S. Neuromuscular ultrasound for evaluation of the diaphragm. Muscle Nerve. 2013. Vol. 47, No. 3. P. 319–329. DOI: 10.1002/mus.23671

191

Savci S., et al. Inspiratory muscle training in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2011. Vol. 31, No. 2. P. 105–110.

192

Scala R., Heunks L.M.A. Highlights in acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir Rev. 2018; 27(147): 180008.

193

Scandroglio M., Piccolo U., Mazzone E. и др. Use and nursing of the helmet in delivering non invasive ventilation. Minerva Anestesiologica. 2002. Vol. 68, No. 5. P. 475‑480.

Scandroglio M., Piccolo U., Mazzone E. идр. Use and nursing of the helmet in delivering non invasive ventilation. Minerva Anestesiologica. 2002. Vol. 68, No. 5. P. 475‑480.

194

Scholten E.L., Beitler J.R., Prisk G.K., Malhotra A. Treatment of ARDS with prone positioning. Chest. 2017; 151(1): 215–224. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.032

195

Scquizzato T., Banfi L., Bonifazi M. и др. Remote monitoring of helmetbased non‑invasive ventilation during the COVID19 pandemic: feasibility and clinical outcomes. Respiratory Medicine. 2023. Vol. 204. Art. 107082. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107082

Scquizzato T., Banfi L., Bonifazi M. идр. Remote monitoring of helmetbased non‑invasive ventilation during the COVID19 pandemic: feasibility and clinical outcomes. Respiratory Medicine. 2023. Vol. 204. Art. 107082. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107082

196

Shamohammadi H., Weaver L., Saffaran S. et al. Airway pressures generated by high flow nasal cannula in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a computational study. Respiratory Research. 2025. Vol. 26, Art. 9. P. 1–12.

197

Sheel A.W., Derchak P.A., Morgan B.J., Pegelow D.F., Dempsey J.A. Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex sympathetic activation in humans. The Journal of Physiology. 2001. Vol. 537, Pt 3. P. 999‑1008.

198

Simon L., et al. Chest physiotherapy and pain control for rib fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2015. Vol. 41, No. 3. P. 331–338.

199

Sklienka P., Burša F. Patient selfinflicted lung injury: pathophysiology and management. Physiol. Res. 2023. Vol. 72, No. 3. P. 381–396.

200

Smith J.A., Brown L.M., Taylor R.K. The effect of increased dead space volume on arterial carbon dioxide tension in mechanically ventilated subjects. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2019. Vol. 200, No. 4. P. 456–463. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201901–0034OC

201

Spruit M. A., et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J. 2014. Vol. 44, No. 6. P. 1428–1446.

202

Squadrone V., Coha M., Cerutti E. и др. Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled study. JAMA. 2005. Vol. 293, No. 5. P. 589–595. DOI: 10.1001/jama.293.5.589

Squadrone V., Coha M., Cerutti E. идр. Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled study. JAMA. 2005. Vol. 293, No. 5. P. 589–595. DOI: 10.1001/jama.293.5.589

203

Suesada M.M., et al. Inspiratory muscle training in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation: a randomized trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017. Vol. 43, No. 12. P. 1978–1980.

204

Svenningsen S., Paulin G.A., Sheikh K. et al. Oscillatory positive expiratory pressure therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016; 11: 2081–2090. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S109882

205

Taccone F.S. et al. PaCO2 and alveolar dead space are more relevant than PaO2/FiO2 ratio in monitoring the respiratory response to prone position in ARDS patients: a physiological study. Critical Care. 2011. Vol. 15. R74.

206

The University of Chicago Medicine. Helmet ventilation resources for clinicians – SeaLong Medical Systems helmet assembly video [Электронный ресурс]. 2020. URL: https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/health-care-professionals/coronavirusclinician-resources/helmet-ventilation-resources.

207

Thille A.W., Boissier F., Ben Ghezala H., et al. Effect of Postextubation Noninvasive Ventilation on Mortality in Patients at High Risk of Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016. Vol. 315, No. 13. P. 1354–1361.

208

Thille A.W., Boissier F., BenGhezala H., et al. Outcomes of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Application of SOFA and APACHE II Scores. Chest. 2018. Vol. 153, No. 1. P. 217–227.

209

Thille A.W., et al. Patient – ventilator asynchrony during non‑invasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2020; 46(12): 2314–2326.

210

Threshold IMT. Руководство пользователя и технические характеристики. М.: Trimm, 2022. 12 с.

211

Threshold IMT. Тренажер дыхательный. М.: Trimm, 2024. 16 с.

212

Tobin M.J. Comparison of noninvasive and invasive ventilation. JAMA. 2020. Vol. 323, No. 14. P. 1395–1397.

213

Tonelli R., Fantini R., Tabbì L., et al. Inspiratory Effort and Lung Injury in Spontaneously Breathing Patients: The Risk of Patient SelfInflicted Lung Injury (PSILI). Ann. Intensive Care. 2020. Vol. 10, Art. 28.

214

Tonnelier J.M., Prat G., Espitalier F. и др. Clinical evaluation of continuous positive airway pressure delivered using a helmet device in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Intensive Care Medicine. 2010. Vol. 36, No. 1. P. 112–118. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑009‑1661‑2

Tonnelier J.M., Prat G., Espitalier F. идр. Clinical evaluation of continuous positive airway pressure delivered using a helmet device in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Intensive Care Medicine. 2010. Vol. 36, No. 1. P. 112–118. DOI: 10.1007/s00134‑009‑1661‑2

215

Toth M.J., et al. Respiratory muscle training after abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Ann Surg. 2020. Vol. 271, No. 2. P. 227–237.

216

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Dimar NIV Helmet и Dimar CPAP Helmet – EUA 20.04.2022 [Электронный ресурс].– URL: https://www.fda.gov/medical‑devices/covid‑19‑emergency‑use‑authorizations‑medical‑devices/ventilators‑and‑ventilator‑accessories‑euas.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Dimar NIV Helmet и Dimar CPAP Helmet – EUA 20.04.2022 [Электронныйресурс].– URL: https://www.fda.gov/medical‑devices/covid‑19‑emergency‑use‑authorizations‑medical‑devices/ventilators‑and‑ventilator‑accessories‑euas.

217

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. NIVAI™. 510(k) Premarket Notification K240112. Silver Spring, 2024. 48 p.

218

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Umbrella Emergency Use Authorization for ventilators and ventilator accessories (24.03.2020) [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/ventilators-and-ventilator-accessories-euas.

219

Umbrello M., Formenti P., Longhi D. et al. ** Ultrasound assessment of diaphragm function in critically ill patients // Critical Ultrasound Journal. 2015. Vol. 7, No. 1. Art. 8.

220

Valkenet K., van de Port I.G., Dronkers J.J. et al. The effects of preoperative inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing cardiothoracic or abdominal surgery: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2011; 25(3): 213–223. DOI: 10.1177/0269215510380830

221

Vassilakopoulos T. Diaphragm atrophy and noninvasive ventilation: friend or foe? /Curr. Opin. Crit. Care. 2022. Vol. 28, No. 1. P. 43–50.

222

Vital F.M., et al. CPAP versus oxygen in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2018. Vol. 71. P. 198–206.

223

Vorona S.; Sabatini U.; AlMaqbali S. et al. nspiratory Muscle Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Adults: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2018. Vol. 15, No. 6. P. 735–744. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201712961OC

224

Walkey A., Del Sorbo L. Noise levels of NIV devices. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2020. Vol. 17. P. 133–140.

225

Walkey A.J., Del Sorbo L. Delayed intubation in acute respiratory failure. Crit. Care Med. 2021. Vol. 49, No. 6. P. 1025–1036.

226

Wei Y., Pei J., Yang Q. et al. The prevalence and risk factors of facial pressure injuries related to adult noninvasive ventilation equipment: a systematic review and metaanalysis. International Wound Journal. 2023. Vol. 20, No. 3. P. 621–632.

227

Weiner P., McConnell A. Respiratory muscle training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: inspiratory or expiratory? Respiration. 2005; 72(5): 505–510. DOI: 10.1159/000087670

228

West J.B. Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. 200 p.

229

West J.B. Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. 200 p.

230

Westerdahl E., Lindmark B., Eriksson T., Friberg Ö., Hedenström H., Tenling A. Deep – breathing exercises reduce atelectasis and improve pulmonary function after coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. 2005; 128 (5): 3482–3488.

231

Winck J.C., Ambrosino N. Respiratory muscle training in neuromuscular disease: experience from the Portuguese program. Chron Respir Dis. 2011. Vol. 8, No. 2. P. 109–118.

232

Xu Q., Luo Y., et al. Meta‑analysis of gas‑exchange efficacy across NIV interface. Intensive Care Med. 2024. Vol. 50. P. 121–135

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.