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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-9-31-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5054</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Омега-3 жирные кислоты: особенности биодоступности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Omega-3 fatty acids: bioavailability characteristics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-9459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прокопенко Елена Валерьевна, руководитель отдела развития и сопровождения МИС и сервисов департамента по развитию медицинской деятельности</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prokopenko Elena V., head of Dept for Development and Support of Medical Information Systems and Services, Medical Development Division</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elvprokopenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-3591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Светлана Владимировна, д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой диетологии и клинической нутрициологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orlova Svetlana V., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orlova-sv@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-0333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Елена Александровна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры диетологии и клинической нутрициологии, ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН); эксперт Методического аккредитационно-симуляционного центра, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Минздрава России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikitina Elena A., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); expert at the Methodological Accreditation and Simulation Center, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitina-ea1@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-3414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балашова Наталья Валерьевна, к.б.н., доцент кафедры диетологии и клинической нутрициологии, ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН); доцент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики факультета усовершенствования врачей, ГБУЗ Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Balashova Natalia V., PhD Bio Sci, associate professor at Dept of Dieteticsand Clinical Nutrition, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); associate professor at Dept of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty for Continuing Medical Education, M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BalashovaN77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-731X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пигарева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pigareva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пигарева Юлия Анатольевна, к. м. н., зав. отделением клинической диетологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pigareva Yulia A., PhD Med Sci, head of Clinical Dietetics Dept</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1092153068@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ИНВИТРО»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vinogradov City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН); ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН); ГБУЗ Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В. В. Виноградова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vinogradov City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title>Диетология и нутрициология</issue-title><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокопенко Е.В., Орлова С.В., Никитина Е.А., Балашова Н.В., Пигарева Ю.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокопенко Е.В., Орлова С.В., Никитина Е.А., Балашова Н.В., Пигарева Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokopenko E.V., Orlova S.V., Nikitina E.A., Balashova N.V., Pigareva Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5054">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5054</self-uri><abstract><p>Длинноцепочечные полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты (ПНЖК) класса омега-3, в первую очередь эйкозапентаеновая (ЭПК) и докозагексаеновая (ДГК), на протяжении многих десятилетий остаются в авангарде фундаментальной медицины, диетологии и клинической фармакологии. Масштабные эпидемиологические данные последовательно демонстрируют, что высокое потребление морских липидов ассоциировано со снижением риска развития сердечно-сосудистых, нейродегенеративных и системных метаболических заболеваний. Однако при переносе этих эпидемиологических наблюдений в плоскость рандомизированных клинических испытаний, изучающих применение стандартизированных добавок и рецептурных препаратов на основе омега-3, научное сообщество регулярно сталкивается с гетерогенными, а порой и прямо противоречивыми результатами. Подобная нестабильность клинических исходов обусловлена не только различиями в дизайне исследований, дозировках или тяжести исходной патологии у пациентов, но и фундаментальными биохимическими факторами, которые часто недооцениваются в рутинной клинической практике. Ключевое значение имеют источник происхождения сырья, химическая пространственная форма молекул липидов и присутствие сопутствующих активных веществ (антиоксидантов и структурных липидов), которые совместно определяют стабильность молекулы, кинетику переваривания, биодоступность и способность активных метаболитов достигать клеток-мишеней.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the omega-3 class, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have remained at the forefront of basic medicine, nutritional science, and clinical pharmacology for many decades. Large-scale epidemiological data consistently demonstrate that high consumption of marine lipids is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and systemic metabolic diseases. However, when these epidemiological observations are translated into the setting of randomized clinical trials investigating standardized omega-3 supplements and prescription formulations, the scientiﬁc community is regularly confronted with heterogeneous and, at times, directly contradictory results. Such inconsistency in clinical outcomes is driven not only by differences in study design, dosage regimens, or the severity of patients’ underlying pathology, but also by fundamental biochemical factors that are often underestimated in routine clinical practice. Of key importance are the source of the raw material, the chemical and stereochemical forms of lipid molecules, and the presence of accompanying active compounds (antioxidants and structural lipids), which together determine molecular stability, digestion kinetics, bioavailability, and the ability of active metabolites to reach target cells.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиненасыщенные омега-3 жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>эйкозапентаеновая кислота (ЭПК)</kwd><kwd>докозагексаеновая кислота (ДГК)</kwd><kwd>биодоступность</kwd><kwd>рыбий жир</kwd><kwd>масло криля</kwd><kwd>масло печени акулы</kwd><kwd>этиловые эфиры</kwd><kwd>триглицериды</kwd><kwd>реэтерифицированные триглицериды</kwd><kwd>фосфолипиды</kwd><kwd>астаксантин</kwd><kwd>витамин Е</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>коэнзим Q10</kwd><kwd>куркумин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids</kwd><kwd>eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)</kwd><kwd>docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)</kwd><kwd>bioavailability</kwd><kwd>fish oil</kwd><kwd>krill oil</kwd><kwd>shark liver oil</kwd><kwd>ethyl esters</kwd><kwd>triglycerides</kwd><kwd>re-esterified triglycerides</kwd><kwd>phospholipids</kwd><kwd>astaxanthin</kwd><kwd>vitamin E</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>coenzyme Q10</kwd><kwd>curcumin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toncan F., Raj R.R., Lee M.J. 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