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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-9-8-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-5051</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обесогенная среда: роль в развитии ожирения и влияние на метаболическое здоровье</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Obesogenic environment: role in the development of obesity and impact on metabolic health</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-0095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарафетдинов</surname><given-names>Х. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharafetdinov</surname><given-names>Kh. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарафетдинов Хайдерь Хамзярович, д. м. н., зав. отделением болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии», ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи; проф. кафедры диетологии и нутрициологии, ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; проф. кафедры гигиены питания и токсикологии, ФГАУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sharafetdinov Khaider Kh., Dr Med Sci (habil.), head of Dept of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety; professor at Dept of Dietetics and Nutrition, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education; professor at Dept of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharafandr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-6971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Равиля Исмаиловна, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alekseeva Ravilya I., PhD Med Sci, researcher at Dept of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ravial@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плотникова Оксана Александровна, к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отделения болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Plotnikova Oksana A., PhD Med Sci, senior researcher at Dept of MetabolicDiseases and Diet Therapy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plot_oks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-0854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилипенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilipenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пилипенко Виктория Владимировна, к. м. н., научный сотрудник отделения болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pilipenko Victoria V., PhD Med Sci, researcher at Dept of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kushonok9@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-8115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рисник</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Risnik</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рисник Дмитрий Владимирович, к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник кафедры биофизики биологического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Risnik Dmitry V., PhD Bio Sci, leading researcher at Dept of Biophysics, Facultyof Biology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biant3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-1132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коденцова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodentsova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коденцова Вера Митрофановна, д. б. н., проф., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории витаминов и минеральных веществ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kodentsova Vera M., Dr Bio Sci (habil.), professor, chief researcher at Laboratoryof Vitamins and Minerals</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kodentsova@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ФГАУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова», биологический факультет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title>Диетология и нутрициология</issue-title><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарафетдинов Х.Х., Алексеева Р.И., Плотникова О.А., Пилипенко В.В., Рисник Д.В., Коденцова В.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарафетдинов Х.Х., Алексеева Р.И., Плотникова О.А., Пилипенко В.В., Рисник Д.В., Коденцова В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharafetdinov K.K., Alekseeva R.I., Plotnikova O.A., Pilipenko V.V., Risnik D.V., Kodentsova V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5051">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5051</self-uri><abstract><p>Увеличение распространенности ожирения и связанных с ним хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (ХНИЗ), включая сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2), сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ), остеоартрит, нейродегенеративные заболевания, онкологические заболевания, привело к развитию понятия «обесогенная среда» как совокупность пищевых, физических, социальных и экономических факторов, способствующих набору массы тела и развитию ожирения.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: анализ накопившихся в последнее время данных о роли факторов обесогенной среды в развитии ожирения и ассоциированных с ним заболеваний.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск литературы осуществляли по базам данных РИНЦ, Pubmed, а также в системе Google Scholar по ключевым словам «обесогенная среда», «ожирение».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показана связь повышения индекса массы тела (ИМТ) с увеличением потребления ультрапереработанных пищевых продуктов (УПП), которые преимущественно состоят из готовых ингредиентов с небольшим количеством или полным отсутствием цельных продуктов. К ним относятся безалкольные напитки, сладкие и соленые закуски, чипсы, картофель фри, колбасы. УПП не входят ни в одну из разработанных на сегодняшний день пирамид здорового питания. Обесогены могут поступать из загрязнителей окружающей среды (ионы металлов в воде, микрочастицы в воздухе и др.). К обесогенным факторам относится низкая физическая активность. Улучшение структуры питания, обогащение рациона за счет использования специализированных пищевых продуктов, обогащенных микроэлементами и биологически активными веществами, снижают воздействие обесогенных факторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Развитие и прогрессирование ожирения имеют многогранную природу. Для противостояния ожирению и ассоциированных с ним заболеваний представляется целесообразным интегральный подход, который максимально охватывает все известные механизмы, включая изменение пищевых привычек, социальные и поведенческие факторы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The increasing prevalence of obesity and associated chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, has led to the development of the concept of an obesogenic environment as a combination of dietary, physical, social, and economic factors that contribute to weight gain and obesity.</p><p>Objective of the review is to analyze the accumulated data on the role of obesogenic environmental factors in the development of obesity and associated diseases. To analyze recently accumulated data on the role of obesogenic environment factors in the development of obesity and associated diseases.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. А literature search was conducted using the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), PubMed, and Google Scholar using the keywords «obesogenic environment» and «obesity.» A literature search was conducted using the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords «obesogenic environment» and «obesity.»</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Аn association was demonstrated between increasing body mass index (BMI) and increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), which primarily consist of prepared ingredients with little or no whole food. These include soft drinks, sweet and salty snacks, chips, French fries, and sausages. UPF are not included in any of the currently developed healthy eating pyramids. Obesogens can come from environmental pollutants (metal ions in water, microparticles in the air, etc.). Obesogenic factors include low physical activity. Improving the dietary structure and enriching the diet with specialized foods fortiﬁed with micronutrients and biologically active substances reduces the impact of obesogenic factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The development and progression of obesity are multifaceted. To combat obesity and associated diseases, an integrated approach that encompasses all known mechanisms, including changes in dietary habits and social and behavioral factors, appears appropriate.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>обесогенная среда</kwd><kwd>ультрапереработанные пищевые продукты</kwd><kwd>хронические неинфекционные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>obesogenic environment</kwd><kwd>ultra-processed foods</kwd><kwd>chronic noncommunicable diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nadeeshani H., Li J., Ying T., Zhang B., Lu J. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product – Promises and safety concerns. J. Adv. Res. 2021 Aug 11; 37: 267–278. 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