medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2026-5-7-15medalphabet-5013Research ArticleСтатьиМикробиота полости рта и гастроэнтерологические заболеванияOral microbiota and gastroenterological diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1597-1876ТруханД. И.TrukhanD. I.

Трухан Дмитрий Иванович, д. м. н., доцент, проф. кафедры поликлинической терапии и внутренних болезней

Омск

Trukhan Dmitry I., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor at Dept of Polyclinic Therapy and Internal Diseases

Omsk

 

dmitry_trukhan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-149XРожковаМ. Ю.RozhkovaM. Yu.

Рожкова Мария Юрьевна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии и внутренних болезней

Омск

Rozhkova Maria Yu., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept of Polyclinic Therapy and Internal Diseases

Omsk

marroj@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-3249-3425СулимовА. Ф.SulimovA. F.

Сулимов Анатолий Филиппович, д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой челюстно-лицевой хирургии

Омск

Sulimov Anatoly F., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Maxillofacial Surgery

Omsk

afsulimov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-6605ТруханЛ. Ю.TrukhanL. Yu.

Трухан Лариса Юрьевна, к. м. н., врач-стоматолог, кафедра челюстно-лицевой хирургии

Омск

Trukhan Larisa Yu., PhD Med Sci, dentist at Dept of Maxillofacial Surgery

Omsk

larissa_trukhan@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20260505202605Гастроэнтерология и диетология (1)715Copyright © Трухан Д.И., Рожкова М.Ю., Сулимов А.Ф., Трухан Л.Ю., 20262026Трухан Д.И., Рожкова М.Ю., Сулимов А.Ф., Трухан Л.Ю.Trukhan D.I., Rozhkova M.Y., Sulimov A.F., Trukhan L.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5013

Заболевания пародонта относятся к числу наиболее распространенных заболеваний человека. В начале XXI века сформировалась концепция «пародонтальной медицины», рассматривающая взаимосвязи патологии пародонта с другими заболеваниями организма. На сегодняшний день с патологией пародонта связано более 50 различных соматических заболеваний. Патология пародонта тесно связана с пародонтальной микробиотой. Нами проведен поиск в информационной базе Pubmed источников, опубликованных до 25.01.2026, в которых рассматривалась взаимосвязь пародонтальных бактерий с развитием гастроэнтерологических заболеваний. В представленном обзоре мы рассмотрим взаимосвязь пародонтальной микробиоты с двумя актуальными на сегодняшний день гастроэнтерологическими заболеваниями: с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (55 источников) и с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (153 источника). Приведенные в обзоре данные демонстрируют, что при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени ведущий представитель микробиоты полости рта Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) обнаружен непосредственно в ткани печени, кроме того, формируется связывающая ось «рот–кишечник–печень» и приобретает значение бактериальная транслокация пародонтальных бактерий в системный кровоток, сопровождающаяся циркуляцией медиаторов воспаления и иммунных комплексов, нарушением метаболического, воспалительного и иммунологического гомеостаза. Микробиота полости рта участвует в развитии и прогрессировании воспалительных заболеваний кишечника посредством изменения микробиоты кишечника по оси «рот–кишечник», нарушения кишечного барьера и проницаемости, высвобождения медиаторов воспаления и нарушения иммунного ответа. Заболевания пародонта можно предотвратить и контролировать, микробиоту полости рта следует рассматривать как модифицируемый фактор заболеваний. Контроль микробиоты полости рта, в особенности ее агрессивных представителей, таких как P. gingivalis, следует рассматривать как возможную стратегию профилактики лечения заболеваний, связанных с патологией пародонта и пародонтальной микробиотой.

Periodontal diseases are among the most common human ailments. At the beginning of the 21st century, the concept of «periodontal medicine» emerged, examining the relationship between periodontal pathology and other medical conditions. Currently, more than 50 different somatic diseases are associated with periodontal pathology. Periodontal pathology is closely linked to the periodontal microbiota. We searched the Pubmed database for sources published before January 25, 2026, that examined the relationship between periodontal bacteria and the development of gastrointestinal diseases. In this review, we examine the relationship between the periodontal microbiota and two currently relevant gastrointestinal diseases: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (55 sources) and inflammatory bowel disease (153 sources). The data presented in this review demonstrate that in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the leading member of the oral microbiota, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is found directly in liver tissue. Furthermore, a mouth-gut-liver axis is formed, and bacterial translocation of periodontal bacteria into the systemic circulation becomes important. This is accompanied by the circulation of inflammatory mediators and immune complexes, as well as disruption of metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological homeostasis. The oral microbiota is involved in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases through alterations in the intestinal microbiota along the mouth-gut axis, disruption of the intestinal barrier and permeability, release of inflammatory mediators, and impaired immune response. While periodontal diseases can be prevented and controlled, the oral microbiota should be considered a modifiable disease factor. Control of the oral microbiota, particularly its aggressive representatives such as P. gingivalis, should be considered as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with periodontal pathology and the periodontal microbiota.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.