medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2026-10-121-128medalphabet-5007Research ArticleСтатьиКачество удаления смазанного слоя в корневом канале в исследованиях in vitro (обзор литературы)The quality of smear layer removal in the root canal in in vitro studies (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-7483КрючковаА. В.KryuchkovaA. V.

Анжелика Владимировна Крючкова, ассистент

МИ; кафедра пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний

Москва

Anzhelika V. Kryuchkova, аssistant

Medical Institute; department of propaedeutics of dental diseases

Moscow

kryuchkova-av@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-9204РазумоваС. Н.RazumovaS. N.

Светлана Николаевна Разумова, д. м. н., заведующая кафедрой, профессор

МИ; кафедра пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний 

Москва

Svetlana N. Razumova, Ph.D, DDS, professor, head of department, doctor of science in medicine

Medical Institute; department of propaedeutics of dental diseases

Moscow

razumova-sn@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8947-4357БрагоА. С.BragoA. S.

Анжела Станиславовна Браго, к. м. н., доцент

МИ; кафедра пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний

Москва

Anzhela S. Brago, Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, associated professor

Medical Institute; department of propaedeutics of dental diseases

Moscow

brago-as@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-3063БаракатХайдарBarakatHaydar

Хайдар Баракат, ассистент

МИ; кафедра пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний

Москва

Haydar Barakat, аssistant

Medical Institute; department of propaedeutics of dental diseases

Moscow

Dr.haydarbarakat@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-1014-0240ОвчинниковМ. А.OvchinnikovM. A.

Максим Александрович Овчинников, врач-стоматолог-терапевт

Коломна

Maksim A. Ovchinnikov, dentist-therapist

Kolomna

maksim_offo@mail.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after P. LumumbaRussian FederationООО «Зубной Доктор»РоссияLLC «Zubnoy Doktor»Russian Federation202602052026010Стоматология (2)121128Copyright © Крючкова А.В., Разумова С.Н., Браго А.С., Баракат Х., Овчинников М.А., 20262026Крючкова А.В., Разумова С.Н., Браго А.С., Баракат Х., Овчинников М.А.Kryuchkova A.V., Razumova S.N., Brago A.S., Barakat H., Ovchinnikov M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5007   Введение

   Введение. Лечение хронического апикального периодонтита остаeтся актуальной проблемой стоматологии.

   Ключевым этапом эндодонтического лечения является удаление смазанного слоя (СС), образующегося при механической обработке корневых каналов и препятствующего полноценной дезинфекции.

   Традиционные хелатирующие агенты, такие как ЭДТА, имеют ограниченную эффективность в апикальной трети и могут повреждать дентин. Перспективной альтернативой считается этидроновая кислота (HEBP), позволяющая проводить непрерывную хелатацию одновременно с антисептической обработкой.

   Цель

   Цель. Оценить эффективность удаления смазанного слоя в корневом канале при использовании различных хелатирующих агентов по данным исследований in vitro.

   Материалы и методы

   Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор литературы по базам данных Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, Google за 2015–2025 гг. по ключевым словам: HEBP, ЭДТА, этидронат, смазанный слой, исследование in vitro. Из 1218 найденных публикаций после исключения дубликатов, обзоров, клинических случаев и работ с неоднородной активацией ирригантов для анализа отобрано 23 полнотекстовые статьи.

   Результаты

   Результаты. ЭДТА эффективна в корональной и средней трети, но хуже удаляет СС в апикальной части. Активация (ультразвук, звук) повышает ее эффективность, однако сохраняется риск снижения прочности дентина. HEBP, особенно в комбинации с гипохлоритом натрия, обеспечивает стабильное удаление СС на всем протяжении канала, включая апикальную треть, и профилактирует накопление дебриса. При этом растворы HEBP менее эффективно растворяют пульпу по сравнению с чистым гипохлоритом.

   Выводы

   Выводы. HEBP в протоколе непрерывного хелатирования имеет преимущества перед ЭДТА по равномерности очистки и безопасности дентина, однако требует учета влияния на способность гипохлорита натрия растворять органические ткани.

   Introduction

   Introduction. The treatment of chronic apical periodontitis remains a relevant issue in dentistry.

   A key stage of endodontic treatment is the removal of the smear layer (SL), which forms during mechanical root canal instrumentation and prevents adequate disinfection.

   Traditional chelating agents, such as EDTA, have limited effectiveness in the apical third and may damage dentin. Etidronic acid (HEBP) is considered a promising alternative, as it allows continuous chelation simultaneously with antiseptic irrigation.

   Aim

   Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of smear layer removal in the root canal using various chelating agents according to in vitro studies.

   Materials and methods

   Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, and Google databases for the period 2015–2025 using the following keywords: HEBP, EDTA, etidronate, smear layer, in vitro study. Out of 1,218 identified publications, after excluding duplicates, reviews, clinical cases, and studies with non uniform irrigant activation, 23 full text articles were selected for analysis.

   Results

   Results. EDTA is effective in the coronal and middle thirds but removes the smear layer less effectively in the apical part. Activation (ultrasonic, sonic) improves its performance; however, the risk of reduced dentin strength remains. HEBP, especially in combination with sodium hypochlorite, provides stable smear layer removal throughout the entire canal, including the apical third, and prevents debris accumulation. At the same time, HEBP solutions are less effective in dissolving pulp compared to pure hypochlorite.

   Conclusions

   Conclusions. HEBP in a continuous chelation protocol has advantages over EDTA in terms of cleaning uniformity and dentin safety, but it requires consideration of its impact on the organic tissue dissolution ability of sodium hypochlorite.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.