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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2026-3-42-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Себорейный дерматит. Актуальные вопросы этиопатогенеза и современные терапевтические возможности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Seborrheic dermatitis. Current issues of etiopathogenesis and current therapeutic options</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2055-2994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саникидзе</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sanikidze</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саникидзе Эльвира Автандиловна, аспирант </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sanikidze Elvira A., postgraduate student </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sanikidze29ela@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4920-5288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольховская</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olkhovskaya</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольховская Кира Брониславовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olkhovskaya Kira B., PhD Med Sci, associate professor at Dept of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olhovskaya_kira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Дерматология (1)</issue-title><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саникидзе Э.А., Ольховская К.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саникидзе Э.А., Ольховская К.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sanikidze E.A., Olkhovskaya K.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4947">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4947</self-uri><abstract><p>Себорейный дерматит – распространённое хроническое рецидивирующее заболевание кожи, характеризующееся эритематосквамозными высыпаниями воспалительного характера в зонах с высокой концентрацией сальных желез. Несмотря на то, что этиопатогенетические механизмы развития себорейного дерматита остаются до конца неизученными, на современном этапе главенствующую роль в развитии данного заболевания играют: изменение количества и качественного состава кожного сала, дисбиоз кожного микробиома (в частности, избыточный рост Malassezia spp.), дисфункцию эпидермального барьера и измененный иммунный ответ. К триггерам развития и возможного рецидивирования себорейного дерматита можно отнести факторы внешней среды, генетическую предрасположенность, неврологические заболевания, патологию опорно-двигательного аппарата, диабет, гипертоническую болезнь, метаболический синдром, депрессивные расстройства, эмоциональный стресс и ВИЧ-инфекцию.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Определение актуальных этиопатогенетических факторов развития себорейного дерматита, сопутствующих и триггерных состояний, обзор современных терапевтических возможностей лечения пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен Ретроспективный обзор литературы в базах данных PubMed, Elibrary, Elsevier, Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine за период последних 15 лет – с 2010 по 2025 годы, по ключевым словам «seborrheic dermatitis», «treatment options of seborrheic dermatitis», «risk factors», «immunology», «immunogenetics», «neurological disorders in paients with seborrheic dermatitis».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. 54 публикации были включены в обзор. К предрасполагающим факторам развития себорейного дерматита относят мужской пол, генетическую предрасположенность, патологию иммунной системы, факторы окружающей среды, изменение состава кожного микробиома, гормональные нарушения.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. При лечении себорейного дерматита важным является не только устранение симптомов дерматоза, но и грамотное воздействие на все звенья патогенеза. На сегодняшний день актуальным и важным является изучение общих звеньев патофизиологии себорейного дерматита и сопутствующих заболеваний, ведь воздействие на данные механизмы может являться ключом к достижению долгосрочной ремиссии и улучшению качества жизни пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic relapsing skin disease characterized by erythematosquamous inflammatory rashes in areas with a high concentration of sebaceous glands. Despite the fact that the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the development of seborrheic dermatitis remain not fully understood, at the present stage the leading role in the development of this disease is played by: changes in the quantity and qualitative composition of sebum, dysbiosis of the skin microbiome (in particular, overgrowth of Malassezia spp.), dysfunction of the epidermal barrier and an altered immune response. Trigger factors for the development and possible recurrence of seborrheic dermatitis include environmental factors, genetic predisposition, neurological diseases, musculoskeletal pathology, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, depressive disorders, emotional stress and HIV infection.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To identify the relevant etiopathogenetic factors in the development of seborrheic dermatitis, associated and triggering conditions, and to review current therapeutic options for treating patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Elibrary, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and National Library of Medicine databases for the past 15 years – from 2010 to 2025—using the keywords «seborrheic dermatitis,» «treatment options for seborrheic dermatitis,» «risk factors,» «immunology,» «immunogenetics,» and «neurological disorders in patients with seborrheic dermatitis.»</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 54 publications were included in the review. Predisposing factors for the development of seborrheic dermatitis include male gender, genetic predisposition, immune system pathology, environmental factors, changes in the composition of the skin microbiome, and hormonal imbalances.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. When treating seborrheic dermatitis, it is important not only to eliminate the symptoms of the dermatosis, but also to competently address all links in the pathogenesis. Today, studying the common links in the pathophysiology of seborrheic dermatitis and associated diseases is relevant and important, as influencing these mechanisms may be key to achieving long-term remission and improving patients’ quality of life.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>себорейный дерматит</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>триггерные факторы</kwd><kwd>современное лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>seborrheic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>trigger factors</kwd><kwd>modern treatment of seborrheic dermatitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tucker D, Masood S. Seborrheic Dermatitis. 2024 Mar 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tucker D, Masood S. 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