medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2026-1-7-11medalphabet-4896Research ArticleСтатьиПерспективы применения скаффолдов на основе полилактида в стоматологии. Обзор литературыProspects for the use of polylactide-based scaffolds in dentistry: a literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-6750ДолгалевА. А.DolgalevA. A.

Долгалев Александр Александрович – д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры стоматологии общей практики и детской стоматологии

AuthorID: 831419

Ставрополь

Dolgalev Alexander Alexandrovich – MD, Professor, Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry

AuthorID: 831419

Stavropol

dolgalev@dolgalev.prohttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3004-8285ТаранА. А.TaranA. A.

Таран Артем Алексеевич – студент 4 курса лечебного факультета

AuthorID: 1303770

Ставрополь

Taran Artyom Alekseevich – a 4th year student of the Faculty of Medicine

AuthorID: 1303770

Stavropol

aptem082004@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-9728-4910ЗеленскийА. К.ZelenskyA. K.

Зеленский Андрей Константинович – студент 5 курса стоматологического факультета

AuthorID: 1259861

Ставрополь

Zelensky Andrey Konstantinovich1 – a 5th year student of the Faculty of Dentistry

AuthorID: 1259861

Stavropol

andrey2003zel@mail.ruРаджабовН. Р.RadzhabovN. R.

Раджабов Нариман Раджабович – врач стоматолог-ортопед, стоматолог-хирург, начальник стоматологического отделения

Владикавказ

Radzhabov Nariman Radzhabovich – dentist-ortopedist, dentist-surgeon, head of dental department

Vladikavkaz

radzhabov1982@inbox.ruФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияFGBOU VO «Stavropol State Medical University», of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГКУ «412 военный госпиталь Министерства обороны Российской Федерации»Россия«Dental Clinic 412 military hospital»Russian Federation20260204202601Стоматология (1)711Copyright © Долгалев А.А., Таран А.А., Зеленский А.К., Раджабов Н.Р., 20262026Долгалев А.А., Таран А.А., Зеленский А.К., Раджабов Н.Р.Dolgalev A.A., Taran A.A., Zelensky A.K., Radzhabov N.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4896

Акутальность. Полимолочная кислота (PLA) широко используется в медицине и тканевой инженерии благодаря своей биосовместимости, биоразлагаемости и технологичности. Однако чистая PLA характеризуется хрупкостью, гидрофобностью и ограниченной остеоиндуктивностью, что требует ее модификации биоактивными компонентами. Цель обзора: проанализировать имеющиеся данные о композитах на основе PLA для регенерации костной ткани и определить наиболее перспективные области для их улучшения. Материалы и методы. Был проведен анализ экспериментальных исследований композитов на основе PLA с гидроксиапатитом, β-трикальцийфосфатом, биостеклом 45S5, минерализованным коллагеном, оксидом графена и целлюлозными нановолокнами. Были оценены пористость, прочность на сжатие, модуль упругости, биоразлагаемость, биоактивность и остеоиндуктивный потенциал, а также влияние технологий 3D-печати и наномодификации. Результаты. Введение минеральных и наноструктурированных наполнителей повышает механическую прочность и остеокондуктивность каркасов из PLA. Композиты PLA/45S5 демонстрируют наиболее сбалансированное сочетание прочности, макропористости ≥70% и биоактивности. Вывод. Наиболее перспективным направлением является разработка композитов PLA с биоактивным стеклом 45S5, которые обеспечивают оптимальный баланс механических и биологических свойств для регенерации костной ткани.

Relevance. Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in medicine and tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and manufacturability. However, pure PLA is characterized by brittleness, hydrophobicity, and limited osteoinductivity, requiring its modification with bioactive components. Objective of the review: to analyze current data on PLA-based composites for bone tissue regeneration and identify the most promising areas for their improvement. Materials and methods. An analysis of experimental studies on PLA composites with hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, 45S5 bioglass, mineralized collagen, graphene oxide, and cellulose nanofibers was conducted. Porosity, compressive strength, elastic modulus, bioactivity and osteoinductive potential were assessed, as well as the impact of 3D printing and nanomodification technologies. Results. The introduction of mineral and nanostructured fillers increases the mechanical strength and osteoconductivity of PLA scaffolds. PLA/45S5 bioglass composites demonstrate the most balanced combination of strength, macroporosity ≥70%, and bioactivity. Conclusion. The most promising direction is the development of PLA composites with bioactive 45S5 glass, which provide an optimal balance of mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.