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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-33-53-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты лечения метастатической меланомы в реальной клинической практике: оптимальный выбор и последовательность применения лекарственных препаратов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of treatment of metastatic melanoma in real clinical practice: optimal choice and sequence of drug administration</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8837-4089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Елизавета Алексеевна, студентка</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andreeva Elizaveta A., student</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Elizaveta1523@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-4994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепоров</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheporov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепоров Сергей Валентинович, к. м. н., доцент кафедры онкологии с гематологией, заведующий отделением противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cheporov Sergey V., PhD Med, associate professor at Dept of Oncology and Hematology, head of Dept of Antitumor Drug Therapy</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.cheporov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-2730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширяев</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shiryaev</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ширяев Николай Павлович, ассистент кафедры онкологии с гематологией, врач-онколог</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shiryaev Nikolai P., assistant professor at Dept of Oncology and Hematology, oncologist</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shiryaev.nikolay89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ ЯО «Областная клиническая онкологическая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University; Regional Clinical Oncology Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>33</issue><issue-title>«Диагностика и онкотерапия» (4)</issue-title><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреева Е.А., Чепоров С.В., Ширяев Н.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреева Е.А., Чепоров С.В., Ширяев Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreeva E.A., Cheporov S.V., Shiryaev N.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4839">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4839</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели исследования</title><p>Цели исследования: провести анализ эффективности в отношении показателей общей и безрецидивной выживаемости у пациентов с метастатической меланомой кожи и BRAF V600 мутацией в 1-й и 2-й линиях, в зависимости от стратегии выбора последовательности таргетных и иммуноонкологических препаратов. Оценить эффективность применения ингибиторов контрольных точек у пациентов без драйверной мутации. Сравнить профили безопасности данных групп препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В рамках ретроспективного исследования проведен анализ результатов лечения 130 пациентов, получивших первую линию терапии метастатической меланомы кожи. Среди них 38 пациентов проходили вторую линию терапии. Лечение проводилось в ЯОКОБ в период с 2016 по 2024 год включительно. Для анализов результатов в первой линии терапии, определены 5 групп, в зависимости от наличия мутации BRAF и тактики выбранного лечения: I группа: пациенты с BRAF-мутацией и ингибиторами BRAF (iBRAF) в монорежиме N= 35 (27 %). II группа: пациенты с BRAF-мутацией и комбинацией iBRAF+ iMEK N= 21 (16,1 %). III группа: пациенты с BRAF-мутацией и анти-PD-1 препаратами N=22 (16,9 %). IV группа: пациенты с меланомой «дикого типа» и анти-PD-1 препаратами N=42 (32,3 %). V группа: пациенты с меланомой «дикого типа» с дублетом анти-PD-1 + анти-CTLA-4 препаратов N=10 (7,7 %). Для оценки ОВ во второй линии у BRAF+ пациентов определены 4 клинических группы, согласно вариантам проводимой терапии в этой линии: I группа – iBRAF (26,31 %; n=10); II группа – iBRAF + iMEK (10,53 %; n=4); III группа –анти-PD-1 (52,63 %; n=20); IV группа – комбинация ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунитета (ИКТИ): анти-PD-1 и анти-CTLA-4 (10,53 %; n=4).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: при сравнении полученных результатов у пациентов с мутацией в гене BRAF выявлена статистически значимая разница в общей и безрецидивной выживаемости в зависимости от выбора препарата первой линии. Медиана ОВ в I группе составила 14 мес., во II группе 20 мес., а в III группе 41,5мес. Медиана БРВ соответственно группам: 7,5 мес., 13 мес. и 28 мес. В группах с мМК без мутации BRAF V600 (wild type) показатели ОВ и БРВ выше в случае применения двойной иммунотерапии: анти-PD-1 и анти-CTLA-4. Медиана ОВ в IV группе 21,5 мес., БРВ 15,5 мес., показатели ОВ в V группе 36 мес. и БРВ 22 мес. При проведении второй линии показатели выше в клинических группах с таргетными препаратами, ранее им предшествовала иммунотерапия ингибиторами контрольных точек. Показатели м(ОВ) в I группе – 19 мес., во II группе на момент исследования м(ОВ) не была достигнута. В группах пациентов с иммуноонкологическими препаратами показатели ниже, так в III группе 11,2 мес., а в IV-13 мес. Показатели м(БРВ) составляют: I группа-13 мес; II группа-14мес; III группа-7,8; IV группа-8,6.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: иммуноонкологические препараты демонстрируют эффективность при лечении метастатической меланомы кожи как с мутацией BRAF, так и без нее (wt). У BRAF+ пациентов иммунотерапия первой линии превосходит таргетную по показателям выживаемости. При BRAF wt более эффективна двойная иммунотерапия. Второй линии таргетная терапия показывает лучшие результаты у пациентов, предварительно получавших иммунотерапию. Это свидетельствует о потенциальной выгоде последовательного применения иммуноонкологических и таргетных препаратов. Анализ нежелательных явлений выявил, что комбинированная таргетная терапия реже вызывает кожные осложнения по сравнению с монотерапией ингибиторами BRAF. Комбинация анти-PD-1 и анти-CTLA-4 препаратов в редких случаях может вызывать специфические иммуноопосредованные осложнения.  </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To conduct an analysis of the effectiveness in terms of overall and relapse-free survival rates in patients with metastatic skin melanoma and BRAF V600 mutation in the 1st and 2nd lines, depending on the strategy of choosing the sequence of targeted and immune-oncological drugs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of checkpoint inhibitors in patients without a driver mutation. To compare the safety profiles of these groups of drugs.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the treatment outcomes of 130 patients who received the first line of therapy for metastatic skin melanoma. Among them, 38 patients received the second line of therapy. The treatment was provided at the Yaroslavl regional oncology hospital from 2016 to 2024. For the analysis of the results in the first line of therapy, 5 groups were defined, depending on the presence of a BRAF mutation and the chosen treatment strategy: Group I: patients with a BRAF mutation and BRAF inhibitors (iBRAF) in monotherapy N= 35 (27 %). Group II: patients with BRAF mutation and iBRAF+ iMEK combination N=21 (16.1 %). Group III: patients with BRAF mutation and anti-PD-1 drugs N=22 (16.9 %). Group IV: patients with wild-type melanoma and anti-PD-1 drugs N =42 (32.3 %). V group: patients with wild-type melanoma with a doublet of anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 drugs N=10 (7.7 %). To assess OS in the second line in BRAF+ patients, 4 clinical groups were defined according to the options of the therapy performed in this line: I group – iBRAF (26.31 %; n=10); II group – iBRAF + iMEK (10.53 %; n=4); III group – anti-PD-1 (52.63 %; n=20); IV group – combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI): anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 (10.53 %; n=4).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. When comparing the results obtained in patients with a mutation in the BRAF gene, a statistically significant difference was found in overall and relapse-free survival depending on the choice of first-line drug. The median OS in Group I was 14 months, in Group II 20 months, and in Group III 41.5 months. The median РFS accordingly groups: 7.5 months, 13 months and 28 months. In groups with mMC without BRAF V600 mutation (wild type), OS and PFS rates are higher in case of use of dual immunotherapy: anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4. The median OS in the IV group is 21.5 months, PFS is 15.5 months, OS rates in the V group are 36 months and PFS are 22 months. During the second line, the indicators were higher in the clinical groups with targeted drugs, previously they were preceded by immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. The indicators of m(s) in group I were 19 months old, and in group II, at the time of the study, m(OS) had not been reached. In the groups of patients with immuno-oncological drugs, the indicators are lower, so in the III group 11.2 months, and in the IV-13 months. The m(PFS) indicators are as follows: I group-13 months; II group-14 months; III group-7.8; IV group-8.6.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Immuno-oncology drugs demonstrate efficacy in the treatment of metastatic skin melanoma with and without BRAF mutation (wt). In patients with BRAF+, first-line immunotherapy surpasses targeted therapy in terms of survival rates. In the treatment of BRAF wt, dual immunotherapy is more effective. Second-line targeted therapy shows better results in patients previously treated with immunotherapy. This demonstrates the potential benefit of the sequential use of immuno-oncology and targeted drugs. An analysis of adverse events showed that combination targeted therapy is less likely to cause skin complications compared to BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. In rare cases, a combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors may cause specific immune-mediated complications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метастатическая меланомы</kwd><kwd>BRAF мутированная меланома кожи</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metastatic melanoma</kwd><kwd>BRAF-mutated skin melanoma</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самойленко И. В., Демидов Л. В. Подходы к терапии метастатической меланомы кожи в 2020 году: динамичное движение вперед. Медицинский совет. 2020; 9: 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2020-9-80-93</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samoylenko IV., Demidov LV. Approaches to treatment of metastatic skin melanoma in 2020: a dynamic way forward. 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