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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-30-40-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4790</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональная перестройка тканей пародонта при снижении окклюзионной нагрузки (экспериментальное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional restructuring of periodontal tissues with reduced occlusal load (experimental study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Храмова Ирина Валерьевна – аспирант кафедры стоматологии</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Valeryevna Khramova – Postgraduate Student, Department of Dentistry </p><p>Samara</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2842-7252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivaschenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иващенко Александр Валериевич – д.м.н., проф. кафедры ортопедической стоматологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Valerievich Ivaschenko – MD, Professor, Department of Orthopedic Dentistry </p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivachencoAVEG@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Частное учреждение образовательная организация высшего образования «Медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Private Institution of Higher Education «Reaviz Medical University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>30</issue><issue-title>Стоматология (4)</issue-title><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Храмова И.В., Иващенко А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Храмова И.В., Иващенко А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khramova I.V., Ivaschenko A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4790">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4790</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность проблемы</title><p>Актуальность проблемы. Снижение жевательной нагрузки признается важным этиологическим фактором в развитии патологий пародонта. Однако комплексные исследования, объединяющие данные о морфологических, молекулярных и биомеханических изменениях в динамике, остаются актуальными. </p><p>Цель – провести комплексный анализ структурно-функциональных изменений тканей пародонта в условиях экспериментально воссозданной жевательной гипофункции. </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ходе контролируемого эксперимента на 60 половозрелых крысах моделировали жевательную гипофункцию путем перевода животных на мягкую диету на срок 12 недель. Для оценки использовали микро-КТ, гистологию, иммуногистохимию (RANKL, OPG), оценку экспрессии мРНК (COL1A1, ALP, TRAP) и биомеханическое тестирование.</p></sec><sec><title> Результаты</title><p> Результаты. Установлено, что гипофункция вызывает значительную ремоделировку пародонта: снижение объемной плотности кости (BV/TV) на 31,5%, толщины трабекул (Tb.Th) на 35,8% и их количества (Tb.N) на 36,1% (p&lt;0,001). Выявлена атрофия периодонтальной связки с уменьшением толщины на 41,2%. Иммуногистохимический анализ показал повышение экспрессии RANKL в 2,5 раза и снижение OPG на 34%, что коррелировало с ростом активности TRAP в 2,1 раза. Снижение экспрессии COL1A1 (в 0,55 раза) и ALP (в 0,45 раза) подтвердило угнетение костеобразования. Биомеханические показатели демонстрируют снижение модуля упругости связки и устойчивости зуба на 42,5 и 41,8% соответственно. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные раскрывают патогенетические механизмы структурной деградации пародонта при гипофункции, что объясняет ускоренную потерю зубов и обосновывает необходимость адекватной функциональной нагрузки для поддержания его гомеостаза.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance of the problem</title><p>Relevance of the problem. Reduced masticatory load is recognized as an important etiological factor in the development of periodontal pathologies. However, comprehensive studies combining data on morphological, molecular, and biomechanical changes over time remain relevant. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of structural and functional changes in periodontal tissues under conditions of experimentally induced masticatory hypofunction. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: a controlled experiment on 60 mature rats We modeled masticatory hypofunction by switching animals to a soft diet for 12 weeks. Micro-CT, histology, immunohistochemistry (RANKL, OPG), mRNA expression assessment (COL1A1, ALP, TRAP), and biomechanical testing were used for evaluation. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hypofunction was found to cause significant periodontal remodeling: a decrease in bone volume density (BV/TV) by 31.5%, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) by 35.8%, and their number (Tb.N) by 36.1% (p &lt; 0.001). Periodontal ligament atrophy with a 41.2% decrease in thickness was detected. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a 2.5-fold increase in RANKL expression and a 34% decrease in OPG, which correlated with a 2.1-fold increase in TRAP activity. times. A decrease in the expression of COL1A1 (0.55-fold) and ALP (0.45-fold) confirmed the suppression of bone formation. Biomechanical parameters demonstrate a decrease in the elastic modulus of the periodontal ligament and tooth stability by 42.5 and 41.8%, respectively. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained data reveal the pathogenetic mechanisms of structural degradation of the periodontium during hypofunction, which explains accelerated tooth loss and substantiates the need for adequate functional loading to maintain its homeostasis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жевательная гипофункция</kwd><kwd>ремоделирование пародонта</kwd><kwd>альвеолярная кость</kwd><kwd>периодонтальная связка</kwd><kwd>RANKL/OPG система</kwd><kwd>биомеханика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>masticatory hypofunction</kwd><kwd>periodontal remodeling</kwd><kwd>alveolar bone</kwd><kwd>periodontal ligament</kwd><kwd>RANKL/OPG system</kwd><kwd>biomechanics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajvanshi A. K. Irving Langmuir – A Pioneering Industrial. Physical Chemist. Resonance. 2008;13(7):619–626. 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