<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-35-54-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4772</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нозокомиальные мочевые инфекции, этиология и риски возникновения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bacteria that cause nosocomial urinary infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1353-3216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестеров</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нестеров Александр Данилович, аспирант 3-го года обучения кафедры клинической фармакологии им. Ю.Б. Белоусова ИКМ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nesterov Aleksandr D., third-year postgraduate student at Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu.B. Belousov, Institute of Cardiology and Microbiology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-0945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теплова Наталья Вадимовна, д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической фармакологии им Ю.Б. Белоусова ИКМ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teplova Natalia V., Dr Med Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu.B.  Belousov, Institute of Cardiology and Microbiology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-4170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремина</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremina</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еремина Юлия Николаевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии им Ю.Б. Белоусова ИКМ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eremina Yulia N., PhD Med, associate professor at Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu.B. Belousov, Institute of Cardiology and Mass Communications</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-8656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимова Ольга Сергеевна, ассистент кафедры клинической фармакологии им Ю.Б. Белоусова ИКМ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gerasimova Olga S., assistant professor at Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu.B. Belousov, Institute of Cardiology and Mass Communications</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9130-3267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоусова Людмила Борисовна, лаборант кафедры клинической фармакологии им Ю.Б. Белоусова ИКМ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belousova Lyudmila B., laboratory assistant at Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu.B. Belousov at the Institute of Clinical Medicine</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>35</issue><issue-title>Кардиология. Неотложная медицина (4)</issue-title><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нестеров А.Д., Теплова Н.В., Еремина Ю.Н., Герасимова О.С., Белоусова Л.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нестеров А.Д., Теплова Н.В., Еремина Ю.Н., Герасимова О.С., Белоусова Л.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nesterov A.D., Teplova N.V., Eremina Y.N., Gerasimova O.S., Belousova L.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4772">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4772</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья рассматривает особенности развития нозокомиальных мочевых инфекций. Заболевания мочевыводящих путей давно занимают одно из лидирующих мест среди наиболее часто встречаемых медицинских проблем. Они обременяют экономику из-за высоких расходов, связанных с их лечением, обладают тенденцией к частым повторениям и развитию устойчивости к антибиотикам. Инфекции мочевых путей, включающие пиелонефрит, цистит, уретрит, среди различных групп населения любого возраста и пола приводят не только к частым рецидивам болезни, но и к опасным осложнениям, таким как уросепсис. Ученые подчеркивают увеличение числа мутаций в генах бактерий, отвечающих за инфекционные болезни, что ведет к появлению более агрессивных штаммов возбудителей. В таких условиях акцентируется важность рационального использования антибактериальных средств, а также контроль резистентных патогенов и их чувствительность к антибиотикам. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the features of the development of nosocomial urinary infections. Urinary tract diseases have long occupied one of the leading places among the most common medical problems. They not only burden the economy due to the high costs associated with their treatment, but also have a tendency to frequent recurrence and the development of antibiotic resistance, due to uropathogens. Urinary tract infections cause a wide range of diseases among various population groups, including children, women of all ages and older men. Among the most common consequences of these infections are not only frequent relapses of the disease, but also dangerous complications such as pyelonephritis, a number of kidney diseases in children and premature birth. Scientists emphasize the increase in the number of mutations in the genes of bacteria responsible for infectious diseases, which leads to the appearance of more aggressive variants of pathogens. In such circumstances, the importance of using antibacterial agents wisely is emphasized, as well as the active search for alternative treatment methods, in light of the development of drug-resistant strains. As a result of the research, a review of the literature was carried out, the author’s conclusions were given.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нозокомиальные инфекции</kwd><kwd>мочевыводящие пути</kwd><kwd>бактерия</kwd><kwd>патоген</kwd><kwd>медицинское учреждение</kwd><kwd>возбудитель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nosocomial infections</kwd><kwd>urinary tract</kwd><kwd>bacterium</kwd><kwd>pathogen</kwd><kwd>medical institution</kwd><kwd>pathogen</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кольцов И.П., Стрельникова Н.В., Витько Е.В., Витько Л.Г., Савлюк О.Е. Микробиологические свойства условно-патогенных сахаромицетов рода Candida при хронических, рецидивирующих инфекционно-воспалительных процессах (обзор литературы). Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2023; (1): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.34215/1609‑1175‑2023‑1‑19‑26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koltsov I.P., Strelnikova N.V., Vitko E.V., Vitko L.G., Savlyuk O.E. Microbiological Properties of Opportunistic Saccharomycetes of the Candida Genus in Chronic, Recurrent Infectious and Inflammatory Processes (Literature Review). Pacific Medical Journal. 2023; (1): 19–26. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нозокомиальные инфекции в урологическом стационаре / М.Н. Слесаревская, С.Х. Аль-Шукри, И.В. Кузьмин [и др.]. Урологические ведомости. 2019; 9 (S): 85–87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosocomial Infections in a Urology Hospital / M.N. Slesarevskaya, S. Kh. Al-Shukri, I.V. Kuzmin [et al.]. Urological Bulletin. 2019; 9 (S): 85–87. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нозокомиальные инфекции / Л.С. Страчунский, Ю.Б. Белоусов, С.Н. Козлова. URL: http://old.antibiotic.ru/ab/143-146.shtml</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosocomial Infections / L.S. Strachunsky, Yu.B. Belousov, S.N. Kozlova. (In Russ.). URL: http://old.antibiotic.ru/ab/143-146.shtml.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нозокомиальные инфекции и принципы их лечения / Ю.Б. Белоусов, Е.А. Ушкалова. URL: https://new.pharmateca.ru/articles/Nozokomialnye-infekcii-i-principyih-lecheniya.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosocomial Infections and Principles of Their Treatment / Yu.B. Belousov, E.A. Ushkalova. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нозокомиальные инфекции мочевыводящих путей / С.В. Яковлев, М.П. Суворова. URL: https://urologyjournal.ru/ru/archive/article/33329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosocomial Infections of the Urinary Tract / S.V. Yakovlev, M.P. Suvorova. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Овчинникова П.П. Катетер-ассоциированные инфекции мочеполовых путей: зависимость течения инфекции от длительности катетеризации / П.П. Овчинникова, Т.М. Богданова. Международный студенческий научный вестник. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ovchinnikova, P.P. Catheter-associated genitourinary tract infections: dependence of the course of infection on the duration of catheterization / P.P. Ovchinnikova, T.M. Bogdanova. International Student Scientific Bulletin. 2018. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куракин Э. С. Инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи как глобальная проблема современности / Э.С. Куракин. Журнал МедиАль. 2017; 2 (20): 42–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurakin E.S. Infections associated with medical care as a global problem of our time / E.S. Kurakin. Medial Journal. 2017; 2 (20): 42–44. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев А.О. Роль уретрального катетера в развитии катетер-ассоциированной инфекции / А.О. Васильев, А.В. Говоров, Д.Ю. Пушкарь. Урологические ведомости. 2017; 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasiliev A.O., Govorov A.V., Pushkar D.Y. The role of the urethral catheter in the development of catheter-associated infection. Urological reports. 2017; 7. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касьянова И.А. Оценка заболеваемости катетер-ассоциированными инфекциями мочевыводящих путей у пациентов урологического отделения многопрофильного стационара / И.А. Касьянова, Д.В. Квашнина, О.В. Ковалишена [и др.]. Молодой ученый. 2018; 27 (213): 49–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasyanova I.A. Assessment of the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients of the urological department of a multidisciplinary hospital / I.A. Kasyanova, D.V. Kvashnina, O.V. Kovalishena [et al.]. Molodoy Uchenyy. 2018; 27 (213): 49–54. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коза Н.М. Факторы риска и профилактика внутрибольничных инфекций мочевыводящих путей / Н.М. Коза. Пермский медицинский журнал. 2015; 1: 135–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koza N.M. Risk factors and prevention of nosocomial urinary tract infections / N.M. KozaPerm Medical Journal. 2015; 1: 135–140. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлев С.В. Нозокомиальные инфекции мочевыводящих путей / С.В. Яковлев, М.П. Суворова. Урология. 2016; 3: 43–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev S.V. Nosocomial Infections of the Urinary Tract / S.V. Yakovlev, M.P. Suvorova. Urology. 2016; 3: 43–62. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horcajada J.P. Healthcare-associated, community–acquired and hospital–acquired bacteraemic urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients: a prospective multicenter cohort study in the era of antimicrobial resisatnce / J.P. Horcajada, E. Shaw, B. Padilla [et al.]. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2013; 19: 962–968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horcajada J.P. Healthcare-associated, community–acquired and hospital–acquired bacteraemic urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients: a prospective multicenter cohort study in the era of antimicrobial resisatnce / J.P. Horcajada, E. Shaw, B. Padilla [et al.]. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2013; 19: 962–968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagarajan C. Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections. 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagarajan C. Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections. 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simon J. Urinary tract infection after flexible ureterorenoscopy for urolithiasis in patients with positive treated preoperative urinalysis / J. Simon, F. Kleinclausz, E. Chabannes [et al.]. Urolithiasis. 2024 11; 52 (1): 45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon J. Urinary tract infection after flexible ureterorenoscopy for urolithiasis in patients with positive treated preoperative urinalysis / J. Simon, F. Kleinclausz, E. Chabannes [et al.]. Urolithiasis. 2024 11; 52 (1): 45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранцевич Н. Е. Видовое разнообразие и метициллинорезистентность стафилококков при нозокомиальных инфекциях / Н.Е. Баранцевич, Е.П. Баранцевич. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2019; 21 (3): 207–211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barantsevich N.E. Species diversity and methicillin resistance of staphylococci in nosocomial infections / N.E. Barantsevich, E.P. Barantsevich. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2019; 21 (3): 207–211. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев А.О. Роль уретрального катетера в развитии катетер-ассоциированной инфекции / А.О. Васильев, А.В. Говоров, Д.Ю. Пушкарь. Урологические ведомости. 2017; 7: 19–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyev A.O. The Role of the Urethral Catheter in the Development of Catheter-Associated Infection / A.O. Vasilyev, A.V. Govorov, D. Yu. Pushkar. Urologicheskie Vedomosti. 2017; 7: 19–20. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журавлёва М.В. Изучение случаев бактериемии грамотрицательными патогенами с множественной и экстремальной устойчивостью к антибиотикам в реальной клинической практике / М.В. Журавлёва, Б.А. Родионов, М.А. Лысенко. Антибиотики и химиотерапия. 2021; 3–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuravleva M.V. Study of cases of bacteremia caused by gram-negative pathogens with multiple and extreme antibiotic resistance in real clinical practice / M.V. Zhuravleva, B.A. Rodionov, M.A. Lysenko. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2021 3–4. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комиссарова Е.В. Гипервирулентная Klebsiellapneumoniae – новая инфекционная угроза / Е.В. Комиссарова, Н.В. Воложанцев. Инфекционные болезни. 2019; 17 (3): 81–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komissarova E.V. Hypervirulent Klebsiellapneumoniae – a New Infectious Threat / E. V. Komissarova, N. V. Volozhantsev. Infectious Diseases. 2019; 17 (3): 81–89. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркелова Н.Н. Возможные пути преодоления антибиотикорезистентности нозокомиальных патогенов Klebsiellapneumoniae, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia / Н.Н. Маркелова, Е.Ф. Семенова. Антибиотики и химиотерапия. 2018; 63 (11–12): 45–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markelova N.N. Possible ways to overcome antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pathogens Klebsiellapneumoniae, Acinetobacterbaumannii, pseudomonasaeruginosa,  tenotrophomonasmaltophilia / N.N. Markelova, E.F. Semenova. Antibiotics and chemotherapy. 2018; 63 (11–12): 45–54. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Первухин С.А. Антибиотикорезистентность грамотрицательных возбудителей нозокомиальной пневмонии у пациентов отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии / С.А. Первухин, И.А. Стаценко, Е.Ю. Иванова [и др.]. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2019; 21 (1): 62–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pervukhin S.A. Antibiotic resistance of gram-negative pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia in patients of the intensive care unit / S.A. Pervukhin, I.A. Statsenko, E. Yu. Ivanova [et al.]. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2019; 21 (1): 62–68. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
