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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-25-54-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Холецистэктомия по поводу желчнокаменной болезни – современное понимание последствий (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis – current understanding of its consequences (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9291-9414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Юлия Викторовна, к. м. н., ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makarova Yulia V., PhD Med, assistant professor at Dept of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yusil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-2842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипенко</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipenko</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипенко Марина Федоровна, д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Osipenko Marina F., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ngma@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-0758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбулатова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbulatova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бикбулатова Елена Александровна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bikbulatova Elena A., PhD Med, associate professor, at Dept of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenabik63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9143-6330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвинова Наталья Владимировна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Litvinova Natalya V., PhD Med, associate professor, at Dept of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lina-2007@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>25</issue><issue-title>«Гастроэнтерология и диетология» (3)</issue-title><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макарова Ю.В., Осипенко М.Ф., Бикбулатова Е.А., Литвинова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макарова Ю.В., Осипенко М.Ф., Бикбулатова Е.А., Литвинова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarova Y.V., Osipenko M.F., Bikbulatova E.A., Litvinova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4695">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4695</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель данного обзора</title><p>Цель данного обзора. Обобщить накопленные данные литературы на современном этапе о последствиях холецистэктомии (ХЭ) по поводу желчнокаменной болезни (ЖКБ).</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. ЖКБ – одно из самых распространенных заболеваний желчевыводящих путей, частота которого в мире в среднем составляет до 20 %. Важнейшими этиологическими факторами, с которыми связывают высокую частоту образования холестериновых желчных конкрементов, являются: увеличение среднего возраста населения в мире, рост метаболических нарушений; распространяющаяся тенденция западного типа питания; голодание; гиподинамия; стремительная потеря веса; наследственность; прием некоторых препаратов и др. ХЭ, как один из наиболее часто применяемых методов лечения ЖКБ, приводит к разнообразным последствиям. Частота многообразной симптоматики после ХЭ (разные варианты болевых и гастроинтестинальных симптомов) среди прооперированных по поводу ЖКБ в различные сроки варьирует от 5 до 40 %. Симптомы, беспокоящие больных после ХЭ, принято относить к постхолецистэктомическому синдрому (ПХЭС). За проявлениями ПХЭС могут скрываться хирургические осложнения, как правило, выявляемые в ранние послеоперационные сроки; органическая и функциональная патология, ранее не диагностируемая либо впервые возникающая – спровоцированная ХЭ; касаться патологии как билиарного тракта, так и других органов пищеварительной системы. Весомую роль в развитии симптомов после ХЭ занимают изменения со стороны регуляции энтерогепатической циркуляции желчных кислот, влияющих на изменение микробиоты кишечника, эпителиальную проницаемость кишечника. На сегодняшний день известно, что через различные механизмы желчный пузырь также осуществляет метаболическую роль, регулируя энергетический, жировой, углеводный обмен, а ХЭ, как независимый фактор, усугубляет риски метаболических нарушений, приводя к увеличению веса, инсулинорезистентности, нарушениям липидного обмена и формированию неалкогольной жировой болезни печени, смертности от всех причин, в том числе патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. ХЭ нельзя считать безобидным методом лечения, а тактика ведения больных с ЖКБ должна быть избирательной, выбор в пользу оперативного лечения строго соответствовать показаниям.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this review. To summarize the accumulated literature data at the present stage on the consequences of cholecystectomy (CE) for cholelithiasis (CD).</p><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. CD is one of the most common diseases of the biliary tract, the incidence of which in the world averages up to 20 %. The most important etiologic factors associated with the high incidence of cholesterol gallstones are: an increase in the average age of the world's population, an increase in metabolic disorders; the spreading trend of Western-style nutrition; starvation; physical inactivity; rapid weight loss; heredity; taking certain medications, etc. CE, as one of the most frequently used methods of treating cholelithiasis, leads to various consequences. The frequency of various symptoms after CE (various types of pain and gastrointestinal symptoms) among those operated on for cholelithiasis, at different times, varies from 5 to 40 %. Symptoms that bother patients after CE are usually referred to as postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS). The manifestations of PСS may hide surgical complications, usually detected in the early postoperative periods; organic and functional pathology, previously not diagnosed, or occurring for the first time – provoked by CE; concern the pathology of the biliary tract, as well as other organs of the digestive system. A significant role in the development of symptoms after CE is played by changes in the regulation of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, affecting changes in the intestinal microbiota, epithelial permeability of the intestine. Today it is known that through various mechanisms the gallbladder also plays a metabolic role, regulating energy, fat, carbohydrate metabolism, and CE, as an independent factor, aggravates the risks of metabolic disorders, leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, mortality from all causes, including cardiovascular pathology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. CE cannot be considered a harmless method of treatment, and the tactics of managing patients with cholelithiasis should be selective, the choice in favor of surgical treatment should strictly correspond to the indications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>холецистэктомия</kwd><kwd>последствия холецистэктомии</kwd><kwd>метаболические нарушения</kwd><kwd>гастроинтестинальные симптомы</kwd><kwd>желчные кислоты</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholelithiasis</kwd><kwd>cholecystectomy</kwd><kwd>consequences of cholecystectomy</kwd><kwd>metabolic disorders</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal symptoms</kwd><kwd>bile acids</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревишвили А. Ш., Ивашкин В. Т., Гуляев А. А. и др. Клинические рекомендации. Желчнокаменная болезнь. 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