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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-27-13-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4679</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дуплексное сканирование сонных артерий в остром периоде ишемического инсульта: эффективность скринингового протокола для оценки показаний к каротидной эндартерэктомии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Duplex ultrasound of carotid arteries in acute ischemic stroke: efficacy of a screening protocol for assessing indications for carotid endarterectomy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевякова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevyakova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевякова Татьяна Владимировна, к. м. н., зав. отделением ультразвуковой диагностики,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shevyakova Tatyana V., PhD Med, head of Ultrasound Diagnostics Dept.,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5684-9842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздева</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdeva</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гвоздева Анна Дмитриевна, к. м. н., научный сотрудник,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gvozdeva Anna D., PhD Med, researcher,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gvozdevaannalech@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8254-2625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлев Сергей Алексеевич, врач ультразвуковой диагностики,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakovlev Sergey A., MD in Ultrasound Diagnostics Dept.,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6992-6575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабач</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabach</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карабач Юрий Валерьевич, сердечно-сосудистый хирург, зав. отделением сосудистой хирургии № 54,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karabach Yuri V., Cardiovascular Surgeon, Head of Dept of Cardiovascular Surgery No. 54,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-9496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошеева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivosheeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривошеева Наталья Михайловна, к. м. н., врач-невролог, зав. неврологическим отделением № 10,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krivosheeva Natalya M., PhD Med, Head of Neurology Dept No. 10,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-7012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Анна Григорьевна, к. м. н., врач-кардиолог, ведущий научный сотрудник, зам. главного врача по региональному сосудистому центру,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Komarova Anna G., PhD Med, Head of Cardiology Clinic,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-2860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якупова Эльвира Ильгизовна, врач-невролог,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakupova Elvira I., neurologist,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botkin Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>27</issue><issue-title>Кардиология. Неотложная медицина (3)</issue-title><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевякова Т.В., Гвоздева А.Д., Яковлев С.А., Карабач Ю.В., Кривошеева Н.М., Комарова А.Г., Якупова Э.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевякова Т.В., Гвоздева А.Д., Яковлев С.А., Карабач Ю.В., Кривошеева Н.М., Комарова А.Г., Якупова Э.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevyakova T.V., Gvozdeva A.D., Yakovlev S.A., Karabach Y.V., Krivosheeva N.M., Komarova A.G., Yakupova E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4679">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4679</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ишемический инсульт остается одной из ведущих причин смертности и стойкой утраты трудоспособности во всем мире. Каротидная эндартерэктомия (КЭ) играет решающую роль в профилактике повторных ишемических событий у пациентов с ишемическим инсультом атеротромботического генеза, при этом наибольшее снижение риска повторных событий наблюдается при выполнении КЭ в течение 14 дней от возникновения инсульта. Основной задачей отбора пациентов для хирургического лечения в остром периоде инсульта является разработка простого и доступного алгоритма обследования, который бы позволил принять решение о целесообразности и сроках КЭ. Целью данного исследования являлась разработка укороченного скринингового протокола дуплексного сканирования сонных артерий и оценка согласованности результатов короткого протокола с результатами расширенного ультразвукового исследования и компьютерной томографической (КТ) ангиографии у пациентов с острым ишемическим инсультом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное исследование включены 76 пациентов, которые были госпитализированы в 2023–2024 гг. в ГБУЗ ММНКЦ им. С. П. Боткина с острым ишемическим инсультом и которым была выполнена КЭ в течение 14 сут от появления неврологической симптоматики. Всем пациентам при поступлении в течение 30 мин выполнялось дуплексное сканирование брахиоцефальных артерий по укороченному скрининговому протоколу, который включал определение процента стеноза по критериям ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial). При выявлении стеноза сонных артерий более 50 % выполнялся расширенный протокол исследования. В рамках предоперационного обследования пациентам также была выполнена КТ-ангиография сонных артерий.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При скрининговом исследовании у 29 (38 %) пациентов был выявлен стеноз внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА) 50–69 %, у 41 (54 %) – стеноз 70–99 %, у 5 (7 %) – окклюзия ВСА. При дуплексном сканировании артерий на контрлатеральной стороне у 24 (32 %) пациентов был выявлен стеноз ВСА 50–69 %, у 20 (26 %) пациентов – стеноз 70–99 %. Была выявлена высокая степень согласованности результатов скринингового и расширенного протоколов исследования: коэффициент согласия каппа (κ) составил 0,73 (95 % ДИ 0,59–0,87). Согласованность результатов ультразвукового исследования с данными КТ-ангиографии также была высокой: κ=0,61 (95 % ДИ 0,46–0,76) для расширенного протокола и κ=0,58 (95 % ДИ 0,43–0,72) для скринингового исследования. Среднее время выполнения исследования, с момента вызова врача к пациенту до момента окончания написания протокола, составило 15 (±3,2) мин для скринингового протокола и 40 (±6,8) мин для стандартного исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Скрининговый и расширенный протоколы дуплексного сканирования демонстрируют высокую степень согласованности в оценке степени стеноза ВСА. Использование скринингового протокола позволяет существенно сократить время исследования без потери диагностической точности. Внедрение скринингового протокола в работу скоропомощного стационара способствовало раннему выявлению пациентов, имеющих показания к хирургическому вмешательству, и позволило ускорить процесс отбора пациентов для КЭ в острый период инсульта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of mortality and persistent disability worldwide. Early carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within 14 days of symptom onset significantly reduces stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Rapid and reliable identification of surgical candidates in the acute stroke setting is crucial. This study aimed to develop a short screening protocol for duplex ultrasound of carotid arteries and assess the agreement between the results of the short protocol and those of extended ultrasound examination and computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with acute stroke.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This prospective study included 76 patients who were admitted at the Botkin Hospital in 2023–2024 with acute ischemic stroke and who underwent CEA within 14 days of symptom onset. All patients underwent carotid duplex ultrasound using a screening protocol within 30 minutes of admission, assessing stenosis degree per ECST criteria. If stenosis exceeded &gt;50 %, a comprehensive duplex scan was performed. All patients also underwent CTA as part of preoperative workup.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The screening protocol identified 50–69 % stenosis in 29 (38 %) patients, 70–99 % stenosis in 41 (54 %), and ICA occlusion in 5 (7 %) patients. Agreement between the shortened and comprehensive duplex protocols was high, with a weighted Cohen’s kappa (κ) of 0.73 (95 % CI 0.59–0.87). Agreement between ultrasound and CTA was also good (κ=0.61 for comprehensive protocol and κ=0.58 for screening protocol). The mean examination time was 15 (±3.2) minutes for the screening protocol and 40 (±6.8) minutes for the standard examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A shortened, focused duplex ultrasound protocol demonstrates substantial agreement with a comprehensive protocol for grading carotid stenosis in acute stroke patients. The use of the screening protocol significantly reduces examination time without compromising diagnostic accuracy. Implementation of the screening protocol in the emergency hospital setting facilitated the early identification of patients with indications for surgical intervention and the selection of patients for CEA in acute stroke.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>дуплексное сканирование сонных артерий</kwd><kwd>каротидная эндартерэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>carotid ultrasound</kwd><kwd>carotid endarterectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. 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