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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-27-7-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результативность первичных чрескожных вмешательств у больных с острым коронарным синдромом с подъемом ST с учетом жизнеугрожающих признаков, возникших до и в ходе процедур</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effectiveness of primary percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, with consideration of life-threatening signs that occur before or during the procedure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-6212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газарян</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazaryan</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Газарян Георгий Арташесович, д. м. н., проф., зав. научным отделением неотложной кардиологии с методами неинвазивной функциональной диагностики,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gazaryan Georgy A., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Scientific Dept of Emergency Cardiology with Methods of Non-invasive Functional Diagnosis,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gigls@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3277-3503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аскерова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askerova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аскерова Ламан Мамед-кызы, врач-кардиолог отделения кардиологии,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Askerova Laman M., cardiologist at Cardiological Dept.,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-8499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефедова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nefedova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нефедова Галина Александровна, к. м. н., в. н. с. отдела патологической анатомии,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nefedova Galina A., PhD Med, leading researcher at Dept of Pathological Anatomy,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9384-3596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исхакова</surname><given-names>Е. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskhakova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исхакова Екатерина Эдуардовна, клинический ординатор отделения кардиологии,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iskhakova Ekaterina E., clinical resident at Cardiological Dept.,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0766-487X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шорина</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shorina</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шорина Ксения Николаевна, клинический ординатор отделения кардиологии,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shorina Kseniia N., clinical resident at Cardiological Dept.,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-4931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кислухина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kislukhina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кислухина Евгения Викторовна, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории АСУ лечебно-диагностическим процессом,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kislukhina Evgenia V., senior researcher at Laboratory of Automated System of Control of the Swing-Diagnostic Process,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-7333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газарян</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazaryan</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Газарян Георгий Георгиевич, к. м. н., с. н. с. отделения неотложной кардиологии с методами неинвазивной функциональной диагностики,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gazaryan George G., PhD Med, senior researcher at Emergency Cardiology Dept with Methods of Non–Invasive Functional Diagnostics,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-5320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Честухин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chestukhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Честухин Василий Васильевич, д. м. н., проф., научный консультант отделения рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chestukhin Vasily V., DM Sci (habil.), professor, scientific consultant at Dept of X-Ray-Surgical Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-0562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камбаров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kambarov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камбаров Сергей Юрьевич, д. м. н., зав. научным отделением неотложной коронарной хирургии,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kambarov Sergey Yu., DM Sci (habil.), head of Scientific Dept of Emergency Coronary Surgery,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-323X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попугаев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popugaev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попугаев Константин Александрович, д. м. н., проф. РАН, зам. директора, рук. регионального сосудистого центра,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Popugaev Konstantin A., DM Sci (habil.), professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, deputy director, head of Regional Vascular Center,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of Moscow Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>27</issue><issue-title>Кардиология. Неотложная медицина (3)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Газарян Г.А., Аскерова Л.М., Нефедова Г.А., Исхакова Е.Э., Шорина К.Н., Кислухина Е.В., Газарян Г.Г., Честухин В.В., Камбаров С.Ю., Попугаев К.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Газарян Г.А., Аскерова Л.М., Нефедова Г.А., Исхакова Е.Э., Шорина К.Н., Кислухина Е.В., Газарян Г.Г., Честухин В.В., Камбаров С.Ю., Попугаев К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gazaryan G.A., Askerova L.M., Nefedova G.A., Iskhakova E.E., Shorina K.N., Kislukhina E.V., Gazaryan G.G., Chestukhin V.V., Kambarov S.Y., Popugaev K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4678">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4678</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить результативность первичных чрескожных коронарных вмешательств (ЧКВ) у больных с острым коронарным синдромом с подъемом сегмента ST (ОКС с ↑ST) с учетом жизнеугрожающих признаков, возникших до и в ходе ранних и отсроченных процедур, особенностей морфогенеза инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) после восстановления эпикардиального кровотока.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано 337 больных с ОКС с ↑ST, госпитализированных в региональный сосудистый центр (РСЦ) с 01.03.2023 по 31.08.2023. Возраст: 26–99 лет. I группу составили 192 больных с ЧКВ в первые 6 ч, II – 47 в сроки 6–12 ч и III – 82 через 12–72 ч. Учитывали снижение артериального давления (АД) &lt;90 мм рт. ст., урежение частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) &lt;50 уд/мин и фибрилляцию желудочков (ФЖ), возникшие на догоспитальном этапе и в ходе ЧКВ; исходный риск смерти (РС) по TIMI. У 39 умерших с ЧКВ оценивали особенности морфогенеза ИМ после восстановления инфаркт-связанной артерии (ИСА).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При сравнительном анализе результатов ЧКВ у 79 % умерших ЭКГ-признаки реперфузии отсутствовали, кровоток в ИСА расценен как TIMI 0 или TIMI III у 26 и 74 %; в 71 % наблюдений целевой артерией явилась передняя нисходящая артерия (ПНА) с острой окклюзией в проксимальной трети при трехсосудистом поражении, чаще присутствующем в старших возрастных группах. Во всех случаях снижение АД &lt;90 мм рт. ст., урежение ЧСС &lt;50 уд/мин и ФЖ либо предшествовали ЧКВ, либо возникали в ходе процедур; острая сердечная недостаточность (ОСН) II, III и IV по Killip составила 33, 26 и 41 %. У больных с благоприятным исходом ЭКГ-признаки реперфузии достигнуты в 72,5 %, кровоток расценен как TIMI III во всех случаях, ИСА представлена ПНА в 48 % чаще в виде изолированного поражения среди лиц до 65 лет; жизнеугрожающие признаки имели место в единичных случаях; ОСН I, II, III и IV по Killip составили 47, 48, 4 и 1 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Из приведенных данных следует, что у доставленных с кардиогенным шоком, длительной сердечно-легочной реанимации (СЛР) применение первичных ЧКВ не позволяет предотвратить смертельного исхода. Обширная площадь ИМ при проксимальной окклюзии ПНА и трехсосудистом поражении сопровождается ОСН разной степени выраженности. Вмешательства при таком поражении в старших возрастных группах требуют практических навыков, обеспечивающих достижение успеха. Нарушения микроциркуляции в виде множественных спазмов и тромбозов, выявляемых при морфологическом исследовании, ассоциируются с жизнеугрожающими признаками, возникающими как при кардиогенном шоке, так и в ходе процедур, сопровождающихся прогрессированием ОСН, перерастающей в полиорганную при сочетанной патологии. Различия в развитии ОСН, лежащие в основе особенностей танатогенеза, позволяют судить о результативности механической реперфузии, возможности предотвращения смертельного исхода.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (ST↑ ACS), taking into account the life-threatening signs that occur before and during early or delayed procedures, and the characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) morphogenesis after restoring the epicardial blood flow.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 337 patients with ST↑ ACS admitted to the regional vascular center (RVC) from 01.03.2023 to 31.08.2023, were studied, their age being from 26–99 years old. Group I consisted of 192 patients who underwent PCI in the first 6 hours from the onset of disease, Group II included 47 patients with PCI performed within 6–12 hours, and Group III included 82 patients in whom PCI was performed after 12–72 hours of the onset of the disease. We took into consideration a decreased blood pressure (BP) &lt;90 mmHg, decreased heart rate (HR) &lt;50 bpm, and ventricular fibrillation (VF) that occurred at the prehospital stage and during PCI; the baseline mortality risk by TIMI Risk Score. In 39 patients who died after PCI, the characteristics of MI morphogenesis were assessed after the infarct-related artery (IRA) had been restored.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In a comparative analysis of the PCI results, 79 % of deceased patients had no ECG signs of reperfusion; and the blood flow in IRA was assessed as TIMI 0 or TIMI III in 26 and 74 %, respectively; in 71 % of cases, the target artery was the left anterior descending (LAD) artery with acute occlusion in the proximal third in triple-vessel disease, more often present in older age groups. In all cases, a decrease in blood pressure &lt;90 mm Hg, a heart rate fall &lt;50 bpm and VF either preceded PCI or occurred during the PCI procedure; cases of Killip Class II, III, and IV acute heart failure (AHF) made 33, 26, and 41 %, respectively. In patients with a favorable outcome, ECG signs of reperfusion were achieved in 72.5 %, the blood flow was assessed as TIMI III in all cases, IRA was represented by LAD artery in 48 % more often in the form of an isolated lesion among individuals under 65 years of age; life-threatening signs occurred in isolated cases; AHF cases of Killip Class I, II, III, and IV accounted for 47, 48, 4 and 1 %, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The presented data have indicated that primary PCI does not prevent fatal outcome in patients admitted with cardiogenic shock on prolonged CPR. Extensive MI area with proximal LAD occlusion and triple-vessel disease is accompanied by AHF of varying severity degree. Interventions for this condition in older age groups require practical skills to ensure success. Microcirculation disturbances, such as multiple spasms and thromboses as identified by morphological examination are associated with life-threatening symptoms that arise both in cardiogenic shock, and during procedures accompanied by the acute heart failure progression, which can develop into multiple organ failure in patients with associated pathology. The differences in the acute heart failure development, which underlie the characteristics of thanatogenesis, make possible the assessment of mechanical reperfusion effectiveness and the possibility of preventing death.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ОКС с ↑ST</kwd><kwd>ИМ</kwd><kwd>АД</kwd><kwd>ЧСС</kwd><kwd>ФЖ</kwd><kwd>СЛР</kwd><kwd>кардиогенный шок</kwd><kwd>РС по TIMI</kwd><kwd>первичные ЧКВ</kwd><kwd>ЭКГ-признаки реперфузии</kwd><kwd>ОСН по Killip</kwd><kwd>результативность</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ST↑ ACS</kwd><kwd>MI</kwd><kwd>BP</kwd><kwd>HR</kwd><kwd>VF</kwd><kwd>CPR</kwd><kwd>cardiogenic shock</kwd><kwd>TIMI MR</kwd><kwd>primary PCI</kwd><kwd>ECG signs of reperfusion</kwd><kwd>Killip Class AHF</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen A. 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