medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2025-23-119-126medalphabet-4672Research ArticleСтатьиСеборейный дерматит. Современный взгляд на проблемуSeborrheic dermatitis. A modern view of the problemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-8489ПерламутровЮ. Н.PerlamutrovYu. N.

Перламутров Юрий Николаевич, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой кожных и венерических болезней 

Москва 

Perlamutrov Yuri N., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Skin and Venereal Diseases

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-1926НовиковаД. Б.NovikovaD. B.

Новикова Дарья Борисовна, аспирант кафедры кожных и венерических болезней

Москва

Novikova Daria B., postgraduate student at Dept of Skin and Venereal Diseases

Moscow

dari07@bk.ruФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRussian University of MedicinRussian Federation202511112025123Дерматология (2)119126Copyright © Перламутров Ю.Н., Новикова Д.Б., 20252025Перламутров Ю.Н., Новикова Д.Б.Perlamutrov Y.N., Novikova D.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4672

Себорейный дерматит – хроническое рецидивирующее воспалительное заболевание кожи, которое характеризуется эритематозно‑сквамозными высыпаниями в себорейных зонах. Основными звеньями патогенеза данного дерматоза являются: активация секреции сальных желез, колонизация кожи грибами рода Malassezia, специфический иммунный ответ. Кроме общеизвестных причин заболевания на манифест и рецидивы себорейного дерматита оказывают влияние индивидуальные триггеры: нарушение функции эпидермального барьера, генетические факторы, нейрогенные факторы, эмоциональный стресс, питание, гормональные и метаболические отклонения.Цель. Определение факторов риска развития и рецидивов себорейного дерматита, сопутствующей патологии, обзор современных методов терапии себорейного дерматита.Материалы и методы. Поиск литературы произведен в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, Elibrary за период 10 лет – до 01.02.2025, по ключевым словам, seborrheic dermatitis, risk factors, differential diagnosis, treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Результаты. 65 публикаций были включены в обзор. К факторам риска развития себорейного дерматита относятся как экзогенные (условия окружающей среды, прием лекарственных средств, питание), так и эндогенные факторы (мужской пол, генетическая предрасположенность, иммунный ответ, сопутствующие патологии, психоэмоциональное напряжение, метаболический синдром).Выводы. Для выбора эффективной терапии и поддержания долгосрочной ремиссии необходимо учитывать триггерные факторы развития заболевания. Изучение патогенеза себорейного дерматита, его взаимосвязи с сопутствующими заболеваниями поможет открыть новые терапевтические мишени для лечения дерматоза.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory dermatosis that manifests as erythematous macules or plaques in sebaceous areas. The main components of pathogenesis seborrheic dermatitis: activation of sebaceous glands secretion, Malassezia fungi colonization of the skin, specific immune response. Manifest and recurrences of seborrheic dermatitis depend on individual triggers: impairment of epidermal barrier, genetic factors, neurogenic factors, emotional stress, nutrition, metabolic disorders.Objective. To identify risk for the development and recurrences of seborrheic dermatitis, to describe the comorbidities, to review the modern methods of treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Materials and methods. Article searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Elibrary over the period from 10 years to 01.02.2025 for the keywords ‘seborrheic dermatitis’, ‘risk factors’, ‘differential diagnosis’, ‘treatment of seborrheic dermatitis’.Results. The review included 65 publications. Risk factors for the development of seborrheic dermatitis include exogenous (environmental conditions, medications, nutrition) and endogenous factors (male gender, genetics, immune response, comorbidities, psychoemotional stress, metabolic syndrome).Conclusions. Trigger factors of the development of dermatosis can help to select more effective therapy of seborrheic dermatitis. Research the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis and associated diseases may open new therapeutic targets for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.