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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-17-56-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4530</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунный профиль эндометрия у женщин в постменопаузе на фоне приема МГТ: роль субпопуляций лимфоцитов в развитии аномальных маточных кровотечений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endometrial immune profile in postmenopausal women receiving Menopausal Hormone Therapy: the role of lymphocyte subpopulations in the development of abnormal uterine bleeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-2290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доброхотова</surname><given-names>Ю. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrokhotova</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доброхотова Юлия Эдуардовна, д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dobrokhotova Yulia E., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафарли</surname><given-names>С.  Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safarli</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафарли Сабина Эльмар кызы, врач акушер-гинеколог, аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Safarli Sabina E., obstetrician and gynecologist, postgraduate student at Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical Faculty</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-8775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>И.  Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильина Ирина Юрьевна, д.м.н., проф. кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilyina Irina Yu., DM Sci (habil.), pofessor at Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-2952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нариманова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Narimanova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нариманова Метанат Рафиг кызы, к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narimanova Metanat R., PhD Med, associate professor at Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2567-6215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казиева</surname><given-names>М.  Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazieva</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казиева Милана Давудовна, ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazieva Milana D., assistant at Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>17</issue><issue-title>«Современная поликлиника» (1)</issue-title><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Доброхотова Ю.Э., Сафарли С.Э., Ильина И.Ю., Нариманова М.Р., Казиева М.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Доброхотова Ю.Э., Сафарли С.Э., Ильина И.Ю., Нариманова М.Р., Казиева М.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dobrokhotova Y.E., Safarli S.E., Ilyina I.Y., Narimanova M.R., Kazieva M.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4530">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4530</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Изучение иммунного профиля эндометрия у женщин в постменопаузе, получающих менопаузальную гормональную терапию (МГТ), имеет важное значение для понимания механизмов развития аномальных маточных кровотечений (АМК) и повышения безопасности проводимого лечения. Несмотря на накопленные данные о роли NK-клеток и Т-лимфоцитов в регуляции репродуктивной функции, особенности субпопуляции лимфоцитов эндометрия на фоне МГТ в постменопаузе остаются малоизученными.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить изменения субпопуляций лимфоцитов (CD3+, CD3+/CD16+/CD56+, CD3–/CD16+/CD56+) в эндометрии у женщин в постменопаузе на фоне МГТ и их возможную связь с развитием АМК.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено рандомизированное контролируемое исследование с участием 106 женщин в постменопаузе, распределенных на три группы: контрольную (n=34), получающую МГТ без АМК (n=35) и получающую МГТ с АМК (n=37). Выполнена пайпельбиопсия эндометрия до и спустя 6 мес терапии. Иммунофенотипирование клеток аспирата проводилось методом проточной цитометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациенток, получавших МГТ, спустя 6 мес отмечено статистически значимое увеличение доли CD3+ и CD3–/CD56+/CD16+ клеток по сравнению с начальными значениями. Наиболее выраженные изменения наблюдались у пациенток с АМК. Установлены статистически значимые различия как по абсолютным, так и по относительным значениям субпопуляций лимфоцитов между группами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Нарушения иммунного гомеостаза эндометрия могут играть ключевую роль в развитии АМК у женщин в постменопаузе, получающих МГТ. Полученные данные подчеркивают важность дальнейшего изучения иммунных механизмов при формировании индивидуального подхода к терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Investigation of the endometrial immune profile in postmenopausal women receiving menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and improving treatment safety. While the role of NK cells and T lymphocytes in reproductive regulation has been studied, endometrial lymphocyte subpopulations during MHT remain insufficiently explored.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate changes in lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD3+/CD16+/CD56+, CD3–/CD16+/CD56+) in the endometrium of postmenopausal women receiving MHT and their association with AUB development.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A randomized controlled trial included 106 postmenopausal women divided into three groups: control (n=34), MHT without AUB (n=35), and MHT with AUB (n=37). Endometrial pipelle biopsy was performed before and after 6 months of therapy. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After 6 months of MHT, significant increases in CD3+ and CD3–/CD56+/CD16+ cells were observed compared to baseline. The most pronounced changes occurred in the AUB group. Intergroup differences were statistically significant for both absolute and relative lymphocyte counts.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Altered endometrial immune homeostasis may contribute to AUB development during MHT. These findings emphasize the relevance of immune profiling for individualized therapeutic strategies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постменопауза</kwd><kwd>аномальное маточное кровотечение</kwd><kwd>менопаузальная гормональная терапия</kwd><kwd>эндометрий</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>маточные естественные киллеры</kwd><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>иммунный гомеостаз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>postmenopause</kwd><kwd>abnormal uterine bleeding</kwd><kwd>menopausal hormone therapy</kwd><kwd>endometrium</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>uterine natural killer cells</kwd><kwd>NK cells</kwd><kwd>immune homeostasis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gu Y., Han F., Xue M., Wang M., Huang Y. 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