medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2025-19-86-93medalphabet-4522Research ArticleСтатьиПребиотик арабиногалактан: физиологические эффекты, механизмы действия и потенциал клинического примененияArabinogalactan as a prebiotic: physiological effects, mechanisms of action, and clinical application potentialhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-0185БурляеваЕ. А.BurlyaevaE. A.

Бурляева Екатерина Александровна, к.м.н., зав. консультативно-диагностическим центром «Здоровое и спортивное питание», доцент кафедры гигиены питания и токсикологии, зав. лабораторией экстремальной нутрициологии и прикладных пищевых технологий

Москва

Burlyaeva Ekaterina A., PhD Med, head of Consultative and Diagnostic Center “Healthy and Sports Nutrition”, associate professor at Dept of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, head of the Laboratory of Extreme Nutrition and Applied Food Technologies

Moscow 

vrach1708@gmail.comФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания и биотехнологии» ; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет) ; ФГБУН Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Институт медико-биологических проблем Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety ; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) ; State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Institute of Medical and Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202530082025119«Диетология и нутрициология»8693Copyright © Бурляева Е.А., 20252025Бурляева Е.А.Burlyaeva E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4522

В представленной обзорной работе систематизированы современные данные о роли пребиотических волокон в регуляции кишечного микробиоценоза, метаболизма и иммунного ответа. Пищевые волокна не перевариваются в желудочно-кишечном тракте человека, а, попадая в толстый кишечник, служат пребиотическим субстратом для симбиотной микробиоты. Сегодня не вызывает сомнений важная роль микроорганизмов-симбионтов в нормальном функционировании различных систем организма человека. Особое внимание уделено короткоцепочечным жирным кислотам – основным метаболитам микробной ферментации пребиотиков, которые осуществляют ключевое посредничество между микробиотой и иммунной системой организма. Раскрыты механизмы взаимодействия микробных метаболитов с популяциями Т-лимфоцитов, макрофагов, дендритных и NK-клеток, а также описано их влияние на барьерные функции и иммуногомеостаз. В фокусе обзора – арабиногалактан лиственницы сибирской как один из наиболее изученных и клинически перспективных пребиотиков природного происхождения. Рассмотрены его структурные особенности, пути метаболизации, пребиотический и иммунотропный потенциал, а также возможности включения в функциональное питание, нутрицевтики и фармакологические композиции. Обобщены данные отечественных и зарубежных исследований, подтверждающие биологическую активность и безопасность арабиногалактана, а также его перспективность в профилактике нарушений микробиоценоза и системной иммунной дисрегуляции.

This literature review presents current data on the role of prebiotic fibers in the regulation of gut microbiota composition, host metabolism, and immune homeostasis. Dietary fiber is not digested in the human gastrointestinal tract, but, entering the large intestine, serves as a prebiotic substrate for symbiotic microbiota. Today, there is no doubt about the important role of symbiotic microorganisms in the normal functioning of various systems of the human body. Particular emphasis is placed on short-chain fatty acids – the principal microbial fermentation products of dietary fibers – that serve as key mediators between symbiotic microbiota and host immune responses. The mechanisms by which these metabolites modulate immune cell populations, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells, are described, alongside their effects on intestinal barrier function and systemic immunity. Special focus is given to larch arabinogalactan, a well-studied natural polysaccharide with established prebiotic and immunomodulatory properties. Its structural characteristics, metabolic fate in the colon, biological activity, and clinical relevance are reviewed. The article also summarizes findings from Russian and international studies supporting the safety and efficacy of arabinogalactan and its potential applications in functional nutrition, preventive medicine, and pharmaceutical formulations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.