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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-19-28-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Процессы сенесценции и роль диетических вмешательств в коррекции кардиометаболических нарушений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of dietary interventions on senescence processes in cardiometabolic diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-6971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Равиля Исмаиловна, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alekseeva Ravilya I., PhD Med, researcher at Dept of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ravial@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-0095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарафетдинов</surname><given-names>Х. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharafetdinov</surname><given-names>Kh. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарафетдинов Хайдерь Хамзярович, д.м.н., зав. отделением болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии, проф. кафедры диетологии и нутрициологии, проф. кафедры гигиены питания и токсикологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sharafetdinov Khayder Kh., DM Sci (habil.), head of Dept of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy, professor at Dept of Dietetics and Nutrition, Professor, Dept of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharafandr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-8437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плотникова Оксана Александровна, к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Plotnikova Oksana A., PhD Med, senior researcher at Dept of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plot_oks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-0854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилипенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilipenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пилипенко Виктория Владимировна, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения болезней обмена веществ и диетотерапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pilipenko Victoria V., PhD Med, researcher at Dept of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kushonok9@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи» ; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России ; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety ; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education ; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>19</issue><issue-title>«Диетология и нутрициология»</issue-title><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева Р.И., Шарафетдинов Х.Х., Плотникова О.А., Пилипенко В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Р.И., Шарафетдинов Х.Х., Плотникова О.А., Пилипенко В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva R.I., Sharafetdinov K.K., Plotnikova O.A., Pilipenko V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4514">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4514</self-uri><abstract><p>Процессы старения клеток (сенесценции) при развитии кардиометаболических заболеваний, включая сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2), остаются недостаточно изученными. Исследования по влиянию диетических вмешательств на старение клеток имеет несомненное значение для научной и практической медицины.Цель обзора: оценить влияние диетических вмешательств на процессы сенесценции при кардиометаболических заболеваниях. Данные литературы были собраны и проанализированы с использованием баз данных РИНЦ, Pubmed, а также в системах Google Scholar по ключевым словам «сенесценция», «хронические неинфекционные заболевания», «системное хроническое воспаление», «СД2».Результаты. Показано, что сенесценция является ключевым фактором старения и способствует дисфункции тканей и развитию многих заболеваний. Диетические вмешательства противовоспалительной и антиоксидантной направленности могут стать важной дополнительной опцией поддержания метаболического здоровья при старении клеток и представляют большой интерес с точки зрения профилактики и управления хроническими неинфекционными заболеваниями (ХНИЗ). Ограничение калорийности рациона питания, снижение потребления простых углеводов, включение продуктов, обогащенных витаминами и минеральными веществами, полифенольными соединениями и другие стратегии могут предоставить дополнительные сведения для углубления понимания потенциальной роли сенесценции в развитии и прогрессировании алиментарно-зависимых заболеваний.Выводы. Поиск новых стратегий диетического вмешательства, влияющих на процессы сенесценции, играет ключевую роль при развитии и прогрессировании кардиометаболических заболеваний, что открывает широкие перспективы влияния на сенесцентные клетки, обеспечивая поддержку диетическим вмешательствам с целью достижения здорового долголетия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cell aging processes (senescence) in the development of cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), remain poorly understood. Research on the effect of dietary interventions on cell aging is of undoubted importance for scientific and practical medicine.The purpose of the review was to assess the effect of dietary interventions on senescence processes in cardiometabolic diseases. Literature data were collected and analyzed using the RINTS, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords «senescence», «chronic noncommunicable diseases», «systemic chronic inflammation», «T2DM».Results. Senescence has been shown to be a key factor in aging and contributes to tissue dysfunction and the development of many diseases. Dietary interventions with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may become an important additional option for maintaining metabolic health during cellular aging and are of great interest in terms of prevention and management of chronic non-communicable diseases. Restriction of caloric intake, reduction of simple carbohydrates, inclusion of foods enriched with vitamins and minerals, polyphenolic compounds, and other strategies may provide additional information to deepen our understanding of the potential role of senescence in the development and progression of nutrition-related diseases.Conclusions. The search for new strategies for dietary intervention. Cells that affect senescence processes play a key role in the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases, which opens up broad prospects for influencing senescent cells, providing support for dietary interventions to achieve healthy longevity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сенесценция</kwd><kwd>хронические неинфекционные заболевания</kwd><kwd>системное хроническое воспаление</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2).</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>senescence</kwd><kwd>chronic non-communicable diseases</kwd><kwd>systemic chronic inflammation</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Концевая А. В., Калинина А. М., Авдеев С. Н., Агальцов М. В., Александрова Л.М. и др. Профилактика хронических неинфекционных заболеваний в Российской Федерации. 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