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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-14-16-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4462</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Информативность генетического исследования биологической среды, полученной при тестах Папаниколау, для скрининга рака яичников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informative value of genetic testing of the biological environment obtained during Papanicolaou tests for ovarian cancer screening</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8204-705X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Графская</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grafskaya</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Юрьевна Графская, к. м. н., докторант</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Yu. Grafskaya, PhD Med, doctoral student</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariagrafskaja@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-837X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Юрьевич Максимов, д. м. н., проф., заместитель генеральногодиректора</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Yu. Maksimov, DM Sci (habil.), professor, deputy general director</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksei.maxim0w@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-5176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вереникина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verenikina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Владимировна Вереникина, д. м. н., зав отделением</p><p>отделение онкогинекологии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Verenikina, DM Sci (habil.), head of Dept</p><p>Dept of Oncogynecology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekat.veren@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-9359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Александровна Демидова, д. м. н., доцент, зав. кафедрой</p><p>кафедра медицинской физики, математики и информационных технологий</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra A. Demidova, DM Sci (habil.), associate professor, head of Dept</p><p>Dept of Medical Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alald@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-7361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshkina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Николаевна Тимошкина, к. м. н., зав. лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория молекулярной онкологии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Timoshkina, PhD Med, head of Laboratory</p><p>Laboratory of Molecular oncology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_timoshkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>14</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (2)</issue-title><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Графская М.Ю., Максимов А.Ю., Вереникина Е.В., Демидова А.А., Тимошкина Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Графская М.Ю., Максимов А.Ю., Вереникина Е.В., Демидова А.А., Тимошкина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grafskaya M.Y., Maksimov A.Y., Verenikina E.V., Demidova A.A., Timoshkina N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4462">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4462</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования. Оценить информативность генетического исследования на онкогенные мутации биологических образцов, полученных при выполнении теста Папаниколау, для выявления рака яичников.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. В работе обследованы 336 пациенток основной группы с верифицированным раком яичников, включая пограничные опухоли яичников. Контрольной группой выступали 226 пациенток сходного возрастного периода без онкологической патологии. Пациентки основной и контрольной групп разделялись на две подгруппы в зависимости от наличия морбидного ожирения. Биологический материал из эндоцервикального канала собирали путем браш-биопсии. После стандартного жидкостного цитологического исследования осуществляли дополнительное генетическое исследование на мутации в 18 генах-драйверах опухолевого процесса методом ПЦР.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. При морбидном ожирении частота онкогенных мутаций генов-драйверов в образцах эндоцервикальных соскобов повышалась только при пограничных опухолях яичников по сравнению с больными без ожирения (64 % против 24,3 %, р = 0,002) и была сходной при раке яичников (37,3 % против 30,4 %, р = 0,29). Выявление мутаций генов-драйверов в образцах эндоцервикальных соскобов при отрицательных результатах теста Папаниколау на рак шейки матки и инфицирование вирусом папилломы человека повышало риск выявления опухолевой патологии яичников вне зависимости от наличия или отсутствия ожирения, что определяет перспективность дополнительного генетического исследования материала из канала шейки матки. Генетическое исследование образцов из эндоцервикса для оценки риска рака яичников можно ограничить оценкой мутационного статуса генов TP53, FGFR 2 и CTNNB 1.</p></sec><sec><title>   Вывод</title><p>   Вывод. Дополнительное генетическое исследование на выявление мутаций в генах-драйверах в образцах соскобов эндоцервикса у женщин с морбидным ожирением эффективно при скрининге пограничных опухолей яичников.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Purpose of the study</title><p>   Purpose of the study. To assess the informative value of genetic testing for oncogenic mutations in biological samples obtained during the Papanicolaou test for ovarian cancer screening.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. The study included 336 patients of the main group with verified ovarian cancer, including borderline ovarian tumors. The control group consisted of 226 patients of a similar age without oncological pathology. Patients of the main and control groups were divided into two subgroups depending on the presence of morbid obesity. Biological material from the endocervical canal was collected by brush biopsy. After standard liquid cytological examination, additional genetic testing for mutations in 18 tumor driver genes was performed using the PCR method.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. In morbid obesity, the frequency of oncogenic mutations of driver genes in endocervical scraping samples increased only in borderline ovarian tumors compared to patients without obesity (64 % versus 24,3 %, p = 0,002) and was similar in ovarian cancer (37,3 % versus 30,4 %, p = 0,29). Detection of driver gene mutations in endocervical smear samples with negative Pap test results for cervical cancer and human papillomavirus infection increased the risk of ovarian tumor pathology detection regardless of the presence or absence of obesity, which determines the prospects of additional genetic testing of cervical canal material. Genetic testing of endocervical samples to assess the risk of ovarian cancer can be limited to assessing the mutational status of the TP53, FGFR 2, and CTNNB 1 genes.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Additional genetic testing to detect mutations in driver genes in endocervical smear samples in women with morbid obesity is effective in screening for borderline ovarian tumors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>пограничные опухоли яичников</kwd><kwd>морбидное ожирение</kwd><kwd>жидкостная цитология</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>borderline ovarian tumors</kwd><kwd>morbid obesity</kwd><kwd>liquid cytology</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савинова А. Р., Гатауллин И. Г. 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