<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-10-64-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4323</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистологическая оценка репаративной регенерации раны, созданной лазерным излучением длиной волны 445 нм в режиме абляции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histological evaluation of reparative regeneration of a wound created by laser irradiation with a wavelength of 445 nm in ablation mode</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-5578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романенко Наталья Валерьевна – к.м.н., доцент кафедры хирургической стоматологии Института стоматологии имени Е.В. Боровского,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Romanenko Natalia V. – PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Oral Surgeryof the E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clematis@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4547-0143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вергун</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vergun</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вергун Мария Андреевна – статистик отдела исследовательских сервисов,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vergun Maria A. – Research Services Department Statistician,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bms@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2652-5483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов Алексей Александрович – студент Института стоматологии имени Е.В. Боровского,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smirnov Aleksei A. – student of the Department of Oral Surgery of the E.V. BorovskyInstitute,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey02smirnov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-1552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сережникова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serezhnikova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сережникова Наталья Борисовна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник Биобанка Института регенеративной медицины Научно-технологического парка биомедицины,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Serezhnikova Natalia B. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcherat the Biobank of the Institute of Regenerative Medicine of the Scientific and Technological Park of Biomedicine,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalia.serj@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title>Стоматология (2)</issue-title><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романенко Н.В., Вергун М.А., Смирнов А.А., Сережникова Н.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романенко Н.В., Вергун М.А., Смирнов А.А., Сережникова Н.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanenko N.V., Vergun M.A., Smirnov A.A., Serezhnikova N.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4323">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4323</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В мировой клинической практике для мукогингивальной хирургии представлена инновационная лазерная технология, возможностью которой является препарирование слизистой оболочки полости рта бесконтактным способом. Лазерное излучение генерируется диодным полупроводником, имеет длину волны 445±40 нм, что соответствует синему цвету видимого спектра света. Актуальным представляется научное обоснование эффективности и атравматичности применения лазерного излучения длиной волны 445 нм в качестве инструмента альтерации в хирургической стоматологической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучение морфологических изменений интактной слизистой оболочки полости рта при воздействии лазерным излучением длиной волны 445 нм в абляционном режиме.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучение динамики репаративной регенерации раны слизистой оболочки полости рта, созданной излучением синего лазера, проведено в экспериментальном исследовании на примере пластики уздечки нижней губы. Объектом изучения послужили 48 половозрелых лабораторных крыс мужского пола линии WISTAR массой от 180 до 250 граммов. Препарирование слизистой оболочки преддверия полости рта проводили лучом синего лазера при мощности 0,7 Вт и непрерывном режиме.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Минимальная оценка выраженности воспалительной реакции определена через 25 минут после окончания операции и составила 1,1±0,7 баллов. Максимальная оценка репаративной регенерации раны в 4,0±0,0 баллов установлена на 14-е сутки послеоперационного периода. Показатели репаративной регенерации тканей преобладали над процессом воспалительной реакции на 7-е сутки после операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полуколичественный анализ гистологической картины биоптатов позволяет объективно сопоставить показатели репаративной регенерации с показателями воспалительной реакции в области операционной раны в разные сроки послеоперационного периода.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. In the world clinical practice for mucogingival surgery, an innovative laser technology is presented, the possibility of which is the preparation of the oral mucosa in a contactless way. Laser irradiation is generated by a diode semiconductor, has a wavelength of 445±40 nm, which corresponds to the blue color of the visible light spectrum. Scientific substantiation of the effectiveness and atraumatic nature of the use of laser irradiation with a wavelength of 445 nm as an alteration tool in surgical dental practice seems relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The study sought to chart the morphological transformations undergone by healthy oral mucosa subjected to ablative laser irradiation at a wavelength of 445 nm.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study of the dynamics of reparative regeneration of the wound of the oral mucosa created by blue laser irradiation was carried out in an experimental study using the example of plastic surgery of the frenulum of the lower lip. The object of the study were 48 sexually mature male laboratory rats of the WISTAR line weighing from 180 to 250 grams. The mucous membrane of the vestibule of the oral cavity was prepared using a blue laser beam at a power of 0.7W and a continuous mode (CW).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The minimum score for the severity of the inflammatory reaction was determined 25 minutes after the end of the operation and amounted to 1.1±0.7 points. The maximum score for reparative wound regeneration of 4.0±0.0 points was established on the 14th day of the postoperative period. The indicators of reparative tissue regeneration prevailed over the process of inflammatory reaction on the 7th day after the operation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Semi-quantitative analysis of the histological picture of biopsy specimens allows for an objective comparison of the indicators of reparative regeneration with the indicators of the inflammatory reaction in the area of the surgical wound at different times of the postoperative period.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регенерация раны</kwd><kwd>гистологический анализ</kwd><kwd>синий лазер</kwd><kwd>френулопластика</kwd><kwd>репаративная регенерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wound healing</kwd><kwd>histological analysis</kwd><kwd>blue laser</kwd><kwd>frenuloplasty</kwd><kwd>reparative regeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pal M., Saokar A., Gopalkrishna P. et al. Diode laser–assisted management of intraoral soft tissue overgrowth: a case series. Gen Dent 2020; Jul–Aug; 68(4):28–31. PMID: 32597774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pal M., Saokar A., Gopalkrishna P. et al. Diode laser–assisted management of intraoral soft tissue overgrowth: a case series. Gen Dent 2020; Jul–Aug; 68(4):28–31. PMID: 32597774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campos F.H.O., Ferreira L.B., Romano M.M. et al. Immediate laser–induced hemostasis in anticoagulated rats subjected to oral soft tissue surgery: a double-blind study. Braz Oral Res 2018; Jun 7; 32:e56. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0056. PMID: 29898023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campos F.H.O., Ferreira L.B., Romano M.M. et al. Immediate laser–induced hemostasis in anticoagulated rats subjected to oral soft tissue surgery: a double-blind study. Braz Oral Res 2018; Jun 7; 32:e56. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0056. PMID: 29898023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azma E., Safavi N. Diode laser application in soft tissue oral surgery. J Lasers Med Sci 2013; Fall; 4(4):206–211. PMID: 25606331; PMCID: PMC4282004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azma E., Safavi N. Diode laser application in soft tissue oral surgery. J Lasers Med Sci 2013; Fall; 4(4):206–211. PMID: 25606331; PMCID: PMC4282004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel R.M., Varma S., Suragimath G. et al. Comparison of labial frenectomy procedure with conventional surgical technique and diode laser. J Dent Lasers 2015;9(2):94–09. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-2868.170565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel R.M., Varma S., Suragimath G. et al. Comparison of labial frenectomy procedure with conventional surgical technique and diode laser. J Dent Lasers 2015;9(2):94–09. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-2868.170565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur M., Sharma Y.P.D., Singh P. et al. Comparative evaluation of efficacy and soft tissue wound healing using diode laser (810 nm) versus conventional scalpel technique for second-stage implant surgery. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22(3):228–234. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_46_17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur M., Sharma Y.P.D., Singh P. et al. Comparative evaluation of efficacy and soft tissue wound healing using diode laser (810 nm) versus conventional scalpel technique for second-stage implant surgery. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22(3):228–234. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_46_17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merigo E., Clini F., Fornaini C. et al. Laser-assisted surgery with different wavelengths: a preliminary ex vivo study on thermal increase and histological evaluation. Lasers Med Sci 2013; Feb;28(2):497–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1081-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merigo E., Clini F., Fornaini C. et al. Laser-assisted surgery with different wavelengths: a preliminary ex vivo study on thermal increase and histological evaluation. Lasers Med Sci 2013; Feb;28(2):497–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1081-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокина Е.А., Морозова Е.А., Герасименко А.Ю., Тарасенко С.В. Безболезненное формирование эстетического рубца слизистой оболочки рта методикой лазерной пайки ран в эксперименте. Медицинский алфавит. 2025;(1):97–104. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2025-1-97-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokina E.A., Morozova E.A., Gerasimenko A.Yu., Tarasenko S.V. Painless formation of an aesthetic scar on the oral mucosa using laser wound soldering: an experimental study. Medical alphabet. 2025;(1):97–104. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2025-1-97-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theodoro L.H., Garcia V.G. Surgical and non–surgical treatment of periodontal diseases. – In: Freitas Patricia M., Simões Alyne. Lasers in Dentistry: Guide for Clinical Practice. / «Wiley–Blackwell» 2015; p. 191–196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theodoro L.H., Garcia V.G. Surgical and non–surgical treatment of periodontal diseases. – In: Freitas Patricia M., Simões Alyne. Lasers in Dentistry: Guide for Clinical Practice. / «Wiley–Blackwell» 2015; p. 191–196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pisano M., Sammartino P., Di Vittorio L. et al. Use of Diode Laser for Surgical Removal of Pyogenic Granuloma of the Lower Lip in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e929690–1–e929690–5. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.929690.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pisano M., Sammartino P., Di Vittorio L. et al. Use of Diode Laser for Surgical Removal of Pyogenic Granuloma of the Lower Lip in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e929690–1–e929690–5. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.929690.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sant’Anna E.F., de Souza Araújo M.T., Nojima L.I. et al. High–intensity laser application in Orthodontics. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; Nov–Dec; 22(6):99–109. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.6.099-109.sar.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sant’Anna E.F., de Souza Araújo M.T., Nojima L.I. et al. High–intensity laser application in Orthodontics. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; Nov–Dec; 22(6):99–109. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.6.099-109.sar.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavlenko O., Boiko M., Savitskaya I. et al. Histotopographic and morphometric characteristics of the oral mucosa postoperative wounds healing, depending on the method of connecting the wound edges. – EUREKA: Health Sciences 2021;3:69–78. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001845.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko O., Boiko M., Savitskaya I. et al. Histotopographic and morphometric characteristics of the oral mucosa postoperative wounds healing, depending on the method of connecting the wound edges. – EUREKA: Health Sciences 2021;3:69–78. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001845.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Politis C., Schoenaers J., Jacobs R. et al. Wound Healing Problems in the Mouth. Front Physiol 2016;Nov;4.Article 507:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00507.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Politis C., Schoenaers J., Jacobs R. et al. Wound Healing Problems in the Mouth. Front Physiol 2016;Nov;4.Article 507:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00507.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarasenko S.V., Shekhter A.B., Minaev V.P. et al. 0.97 and 1.94 μm wavelength laser radiation effect on the oral mucous membrane regeneration in the experiment. Photonics 2019;13(1):108–116. https://doi.org/10.22184/FRos.2019.13.1.108.116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarasenko S.V., Shekhter A.B., Minaev V.P. et al. 0.97 and 1.94 μm wavelength laser radiation effect on the oral mucous membrane regeneration in the experiment. Photonics 2019;13(1):108–116. https://doi.org/10.22184/FRos.2019.13.1.108.116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воложин А.И., Топольницкий О.З., Шехтер А.Б. и др. Особенности заживления слизистой оболочки полости рта при нанесении раны скальпелем, лазером и радионожом (экспериментальное исследование). Российская стоматология. 2011;4(1):12–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volozhin A.I., Topol’nitsky O.Z., Shekhter A.B. et al. Peculiarities of oral mucosa repair after injury by a scalpel, laser and radio knife (experimental study). Russian Journal of Stomatology 2011;4(1):12–18. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елисеенко В.И. Патологическая анатомия и патогенез лазерной раны. Лазерная медицина 2017;21(4):5–10. https://doi.org/10.37895/2071-8004-2017-21-4-5-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeliseenko V.I. (2017) Laser wounds: Pathologic anatomy and pathogenesis. Laser Medicine 21(4):5–10. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37895/2071-8004-2017-21-4-5-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Convissar R.А. Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry: 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2015; 328 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Convissar R.А. Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry: 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2015; 328 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatayama H., Inoue A., Kato J. Study on Use of Blue–violet Laser Diode Module as Dental / Oral Surgical Device. J SEI: Technical Review 2008; Apr; 66:142–146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatayama H., Inoue A., Kato J. Study on Use of Blue–violet Laser Diode Module as Dental / Oral Surgical Device. J SEI: Technical Review 2008; Apr; 66:142–146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarmadi R., Gabre P., Thor A. Evaluation of upper labial frenectomy: a randomized, controlled comparative study of conventional scalpel technique and Er:YAG laser technique. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021;7(4):522–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarmadi R., Gabre P., Thor A. Evaluation of upper labial frenectomy: a randomized, controlled comparative study of conventional scalpel technique and Er:YAG laser technique. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021;7(4):522–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palaia G, D’Alessandro L, Pergolini D, et al. In vivo clinical and histological thermal effect of a 445 nm diode laser on oral soft tissues during a biopsy. Journal of Oral Science 2021;63(3):280–282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palaia G, D’Alessandro L, Pergolini D, et al. In vivo clinical and histological thermal effect of a 445 nm diode laser on oral soft tissues during a biopsy. Journal of Oral Science 2021;63(3):280–282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu Y., Xu C., Xie K. et al. The relationship between thiamin, folic acid and cognitive function in a rat model of uremia. Renal failure, 2024:46(1):2329257. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022X.2024.2329257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu Y., Xu C., Xie K. et al. The relationship between thiamin, folic acid and cognitive function in a rat model of uremia. Renal failure, 2024:46(1):2329257. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022X.2024.2329257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glickman I. Glickman’s Clinical periodontology: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease in the practice of general dentistry. Philadelphia, PA, USA: “Saunders”. 5th edition, 1979. 1092 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glickman I. Glickman’s Clinical periodontology: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease in the practice of general dentistry. Philadelphia, PA, USA: “Saunders”. 5th edition, 1979. 1092 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
