<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-10-49-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4321</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вариабельность понятия «норма» в строении зубочелюстной системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The variability of the concept of «norm» in the structure of the dental system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-1540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магомедов Раджаб Рамазанович – ассистент кафедры ортодонтии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomedov Radzhab R. – assistant of the Department of Orthodontics,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radzhab.ortho@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-5054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Персин</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slabkovskaya</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Персин Леонид Семенович – д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор кафедры ортодонтии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Slabkovskaya Anna B. – DM Sci (nabil), professor, Head of the Department of Orthodontics,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonidpersin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слабковская</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Persin</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слабковская Анна Борисовна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой ортодонтии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Persin Leonid S. – DM Sci (nabil), professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation,Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor at the Department of Orthodontics,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slabkovskaya.ann@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3803-439X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробышев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drobyshev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дробышев Артем Алексеевич – студент,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Drobyshev Artem A. – student,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drobartem459@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title>Стоматология (2)</issue-title><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Магомедов Р.Р., Персин Л.С., Слабковская А.Б., Дробышев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Магомедов Р.Р., Персин Л.С., Слабковская А.Б., Дробышев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Magomedov R.R., Slabkovskaya A.B., Persin L.S., Drobyshev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4321">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4321</self-uri><abstract><p>Эстетика лица всегда была частью политической, экономической и культурной истории людей во всем мире. Со временем это стало реальной силой самовыражения и признаком социального статуса. Современные исследования подчеркивают многообразие типов строения лица, формы и размеров зубных рядов, положения резцов в норме. Современные научные исследования подтверждают актуальность поиска границы между физиологическим и патологическим. Вариабельность нормального строения приводит к расширению понятия «норма» и стремлению к индивидуализации диагностических данных, поэтому актуальной задачей современной науки становится изучение нормальной изменчивости строения человека.</p><p>Цель исследования: анализ особенностей строения лиц и черепа у добровольцев с нормальной окклюзией зубных рядов. Было проведено фотометрическое обследование 32 добровольца восточно-европейской внешности в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет с нормальной окклюзией зубных рядов. Проведены фотометрические и цефалометрические исследования. Определены статистически значимые отличия у добровольцев с горизонтальным и нейтральным типом роста в вертикальных параметрах нижней челюсти, положении губ, выступании резцов, длины ветви нижней челюсти, индексе Гарсона. Таким образом, исследование показывает, что строение лиц с нормальной окклюзией вариабельно и может иметь особенности, значительно выходящие за рамки нормативов или средних значений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Facial aesthetics has always been a part of the political, economic, and cultural history of people around the world. Over time, it has become a real force of self-expression and a sign of social status. Modern studies emphasize the diversity of facial structure types, the shapes and sizes of dental arches, and the position of the incisors within the normal range. Contemporary scientific research confirms the relevance of searching for the boundary between physiological and pathological. The variability of normal structure leads to an expansion of the concept of ‘norm’ and a desire for the individualization of diagnostic data, making the study of normal variability in human structure a current task for modern science.</p><p>The aim of the study was to analyze the features of facial and skull structure in volunteers with normal dental occlusion. A photometric examination was conducted on 32 volunteers of Eastern European appearance, aged 18 to 25 years, with normal dental occlusion. Photometric and cephalometric studies were carried out. Statistically significant differences were found in volunteers with horizontal and neutral growth types in the vertical parameters of the lower jaw, lip position, incisor projection, mandibular ramus length, and the Garson index. Thus, the study shows that the facial structure with normal occlusion is variable and can have features that significantly exceed the normative or average values.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фотометрия лица</kwd><kwd>цефалометрия</kwd><kwd>тип роста лицевого черепа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>facial photometry</kwd><kwd>cephalometry</kwd><kwd>type of facial skull growth</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Божук Т.Н. Распространенность форм физиологического прикуса у людей с разными типами лица /Т.Н. Божук, М.А. Севостьянова, Т.В. Павлова// Fundamentalresearch. – 2011. – № 2. – С. 44–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozhuk T.N., Sevostyanova M.A., Pavlova T.V. Prevalence of physiological bite forms in people with different face types / T.N. Bozhuk, M.A. Sevostyanova, T.V. Pavlova // Fundamental Research. – 2011. – No. 2. – pp. 44–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гарбацевич Н.А. Прогнозирование исхода ортодонтического лечения у 8–12-летних детей: автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата медицинских наук: 14.00.21 / Гарбацевич Н. А. –Минск, 1994. – 18 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garbatsevich, N.A. Prediction of the outcome of orthodontic treatment in children aged 8–12 years: Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences: 14.00.21 / N.A. Garbatsevich. – Minsk, 1994. – 18 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дмитриенко С.В. Морфологические особенности строения лицевого скелета при физиологической окклюзии с учетом индивидуальной типологической изменчивости (Часть I) / С.В. Дмитриенко, Б.Н. Давыдов, Д.А. Доменюк, В.М. Аванисян // Институт стоматологии. – 2020. – № 1.– С. 58–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dmitrienko S.V., Davydov, B.N., Domenyuk, D.A., Avaniyan, V.M. Morphological features of the facial skeleton structure in physiological occlusion considering individual typological variability (Part I) / S.V. Dmitrienko, B.N. Davydov, D.A. Domenyuk, V.M. Avaniyan // Institute of Stomatology. – 2020. – No. 1. – pp. 58–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доменюк Д.А. Рентгенологические и морфометрические методы в комплексной оценке кефало-одонтологического статуса пациентов стоматологического профиля. Часть II / Д.А.Доменюк, Б.Н.Давыдов, Э. Г. Ведешина [и др.] // Институт стоматологии. – 2017. – № 3(76). – С. 32–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domenyuk D.A., Davydov, B.N., Vedesina, E.G. [et al.] Radiological and morphometric methods in the comprehensive assessment of the cephalo-odontological status of dental patients. Part II / D.A. Domenyuk, B.N. Davydov, E.G. Vedesina [et al.] // Institute of Stomatology. – 2017. – No. 3(76). – pp. 32–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доменюк Д.А. Современный подход к ведению истории болезни в клинике ортодонтии: монография / Д.А. Доменюк, Э.Г. Ведешина, С.В. Дмитриенко [и др.]. – Ставрополь: Изд-во СтГМУ, 2015. – 136 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domenyuk D.A., Vedesina, E.G., Dmitrienko, S.V. [et al.] Modern approach to medical record management in orthodontic clinics: Monograph / D.A. Domenyuk, E.G. Vedesina, S.V. Dmitrienko [et al.]. – Stavropol: Publishing House of StSMU, 2015. – 136 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванова О.П. Индивидуальная позиция резцов при физиологической окклюзии постоянных зубов у людей с различным типом строения лицевого скелета / О.П. Иванова, И.В. Фоменко, С.В. Черненко, К.В. Тимофеева // Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. – 2017. – Т. 12. – № 1. – С. 68–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova O.P., Fomenko I.V., Chernienko S.V., Timofeev, K.V. Individual position of incisors in physiological occlusion of permanent teeth in people with different types of facial skeleton structure / O.P. Ivanova, I.V. Fomenko, S.V. Chernienko, K.V. Timofeeva // Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus. – 2017. – Vol. 12. – No. 1. – pp. 68–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ишмурзин П.В. Оценка эстетики профиля назолабиального комплекса у лиц молодого возраста/ П.В.Ишмурзин, А.М. Конькова // Проблемы стоматологии. – 2018.– Т. 14. – № 1. – С. 106–109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishmurzin, P.V., Kon’kova, A.M. Evaluation of the aesthetics of the nasolabial complex profile in young individuals / P.V. Ishmurzin, A.M. Kon’kova // Problems of Dentistry. – 2018. – Vol. 14. – No. 1. – pp. 106–109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каплан Д.Б. Оценка эстетики лица с использованием компьютерной версии / Д.Б. Каплан, Л.С. Персин, Е.И. Мержвинская, А.Ю. Порохин и др. // Ортодонтия. – 2021. – № 2. – С. 22–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplan D.B., Persin L.S., Merzhvinskaya E.I., Porokhin A.Yu. et al. Evaluation of facial aesthetics using a computer version / D.B. Kaplan, L.S. Persin, E.I. Merzhvinskaya, A.Yu. Porokhin, et al. // Orthodontics. – 2021. – No. 2. – pp. 22–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцева О.А. Диагностическое значение пробы Эшлера – Битнера и оценки эстетики лица у пациентов с дистальной окклюзией (Часть II) / О.А. Кудрявцева, Т.Д. Кудрявцева, Д.К. Танрвердиев, И.Г. Гаджиев // Институт стоматологии. – 2020. – №1. – C. 82–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryavtseva O.A., Kudryavtseva T.D., Tanverdiyev D.K., Gadzhie, I.G. Diagnostic significance of the Ashler – Bitner test and evaluation of facial aesthetics in patients with distal occlusion (Part II) / O.A. Kudryavtseva, T.D. Kudryavtseva, D.K. Tanverdiyev, I.G. Gadzhiev // Institute of Stomatology. – 2020. – No. 1. – pp. 82–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куцевляк В.И. Учебное пособие для студентов стоматологического факультета, врачей-интернов / В.И. Куцевляк, А.В. Самсонов, С.А. Скляр; ред. В.И. Куцевляк. – Харьков: ХГМУ, 2005. С. 14–16;29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutsevlyak V.I., Samsonov A.V., Sklyar S.A.; ed. V.I. Kutsevlyak. Textbook for dental faculty students and medical interns / V.I. Kutsevlyak, A.V. Samsonov, S.A. Sklyar; ed. V.I. Kutsevlyak. – Kharkiv: HGMU, 2005. – pp. 14–16; 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полякова, В.В. Взаимосвязь параметров верхнего зубного ряда и параметров улыбки / В.В. Полякова // Пермский медицинский журнал. – 2016. – №3. – С. 62–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakova V.V. Interrelation between the parameters of the upper dental arch and smile parameters / V.V. Polyakova // Perm Medical Journal. – 2016. – No. 3. – pp. 62–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хорошилкина Ф.Я. Влияние врожденного типа лица на форму его профиля по данным телерентгенометрии при физиологической окклюзии и разновидностях мезиоокклюзии / Ф.Я. Хорошилкина, А.Г. Чобанян, А.А. Манучарян // Дентал Юг. – 2010. – № 09(81). – С. 50–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoroshilkina F.Ya., Chobanyan A.G., Manucharyan A.A. Influence of congenital face type on the profile shape according to telerradiography data in physiological occlusion and types of mesio-occlusion / F.Ya. Khoroshilkina, A.G. Chobanyan, A.A. Manucharyan // Dental South. – 2010. – No. 09(81). – pp. 50–52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abutayyem H. Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms in Emirati Population: A Cross-Sectional Study/ H. Abutayyem, A. Alshamsi, M. Faeq, A. Quadri // Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. – 2021. – No 14. – P. 2863–2869.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abutayyem H. Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms in Emirati Population: A Cross-Sectional Study/ H. Abutayyem, A. Alshamsi, M. Faeq, A. Quadri // Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. – 2021. – No 14. – P. 2863–2869.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu-Qiao Xiao. Do Specific Craniomaxillofacial Features Correlate with Psychological Distress in Adult Pretreatment Orthodontic Patients? A Cephalometric Study/ Chu-Qiao Xiao,Yi-Dan Wan, Zhe-Bin Yan // Disease Markers Volume. – 2022.– Article ID 9694413. – Р. 1–11. – https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9694413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chu-Qiao Xiao. Do Specific Craniomaxillofacial Features Correlate with Psychological Distress in Adult Pretreatment Orthodontic Patients? A Cephalometric Study/ Chu-Qiao Xiao,Yi-Dan Wan, Zhe-Bin Yan // Disease Markers Volume. – 2022.– Article ID 9694413. – Р. 1–11. – https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9694413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dua V. Evaluation of the nasolabial angle in the Indian population /V. Dua, S. Gupta, C. Singh // Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. – 2010 (Apr-Jun). – Vol 1; Issue 2.– Р. 79–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dua V. Evaluation of the nasolabial angle in the Indian population /V. Dua, S. Gupta, C. Singh // Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. – 2010 (Apr-Jun). – Vol 1; Issue 2.– Р. 79–82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Häner, S.T. Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth / S.T. Häner, G. Kanavakis, F. Matthey, N. Gkantidis // Sci Rep.- 2021. – Vol. 11, No 1. – Р. 164–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Häner, S.T. Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth / S.T. Häner, G. Kanavakis, F. Matthey, N. Gkantidis // Sci Rep.- 2021. – Vol. 11, No 1. – Р. 164–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iroanya O.O. Sexual Dimorphism and Anthropometric Comparison of Craniofacial Features of Igbo and Yoruba Undergraduate Students of University of Lagos, Nigeria/ O.O. Iroanya, M.T. Oyeyemi, T.F. Egwuatu // Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics – 2019. – No 9(1). – P. 68–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iroanya O.O. Sexual Dimorphism and Anthropometric Comparison of Craniofacial Features of Igbo and Yoruba Undergraduate Students of University of Lagos, Nigeria/ O.O. Iroanya, M.T. Oyeyemi, T.F. Egwuatu // Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics – 2019. – No 9(1). – P. 68–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadria A. Preliminary cephalometric study of the relationship between facial morphology and sex/ A. Kadria, W.K. Darkwahb, A.C. Stassiec [et al.] // Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. – 2018; April. – P. 215–219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadria A. Preliminary cephalometric study of the relationship between facial morphology and sex/ A. Kadria, W.K. Darkwahb, A.C. Stassiec [et al.] // Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. – 2018; April. – P. 215–219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konstantonis D. The impact of extraction vs no extraction treatment on soft tissue changes in Class I borderline malocclusions/ D. Konstantonis // Angle Orthodontist. – 2012. – Vol. 82. – No 2.– P. 209–217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantonis D. The impact of extraction vs no extraction treatment on soft tissue changes in Class I borderline malocclusions/ D. Konstantonis // Angle Orthodontist. – 2012. – Vol. 82. – No 2.– P. 209–217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovalenko A. The association between the psychological status and the severity of facial deformity in orthognathic patients / A. Kovalenko, A. Slabkovskaya, N. Drobysheva [et al.] // The Angle Orthodontist. – 2012. – Vol. 82.– No 3.– P. 396–402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko A. The association between the psychological status and the severity of facial deformity in orthognathic patients / A. Kovalenko, A. Slabkovskaya, N. Drobysheva [et al.] // The Angle Orthodontist. – 2012. – Vol. 82.– No 3.– P. 396–402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kweku Darkwaha W. Cephalometric study of the relationship between facial morphology and ethnicity: Review article / W. Kweku Darkwaha, A. Kadri, B. Beryl Adormaa, G. Aidoo // Translational Research in Anatomy. – 2018. – No 12.– P. 20–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kweku Darkwaha W. Cephalometric study of the relationship between facial morphology and ethnicity: Review article / W. Kweku Darkwaha, A. Kadri, B. Beryl Adormaa, G. Aidoo // Translational Research in Anatomy. – 2018. – No 12.– P. 20–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mafi P. Ideal soft tissue facial profile in Iranian females / P. Mafi, M. R. Ghazisaeidi, A. Mafi // J Craniofac Surg. 2005. – No 16(3). – P. 508–511. – doi:10.1097/01.scs.0000171971.21808.d1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mafi P. Ideal soft tissue facial profile in Iranian females / P. Mafi, M. R. Ghazisaeidi, A. Mafi // J Craniofac Surg. 2005. – No 16(3). – P. 508–511. – doi:10.1097/01.scs.0000171971.21808.d1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammad H.A. Cephalometric evaluation for Malaysian / H.A. Mohammad, M. Abu Hassan, S.F. Hussain // Malay by Steiner analysis Scientific Research and Essays. – 2011. – Vol. 6(3). – No 4;(February). – P. 627–634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammad H.A. Cephalometric evaluation for Malaysian / H.A. Mohammad, M. Abu Hassan, S.F. Hussain // Malay by Steiner analysis Scientific Research and Essays. – 2011. – Vol. 6(3). – No 4;(February). – P. 627–634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Purevjav E. Facial Soft Tissue Profile Analysis in Mongolian Children / E. Purevjav, A.Radnaadorj, G.Ganburged [et al.]// Cent Asian J Med Sci. – 2020. – No 6. – Р. 214–222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Purevjav E. Facial Soft Tissue Profile Analysis in Mongolian Children / E. Purevjav, A.Radnaadorj, G.Ganburged [et al.]// Cent Asian J Med Sci. – 2020. – No 6. – Р. 214–222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiong X. Correlations between mandibular ramus height and occlusal planes in Han Chinese individuals with normal occlusion: а cross-sectional study/ X. Xiong, Q. Zhang, Y. Liu // APOS Trends in Orthodontics. – 2021. –Vol. 11; Issue 4 (October-December). – P. 295–300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiong X. Correlations between mandibular ramus height and occlusal planes in Han Chinese individuals with normal occlusion: а cross-sectional study/ X. Xiong, Q. Zhang, Y. Liu // APOS Trends in Orthodontics. – 2021. –Vol. 11; Issue 4 (October-December). – P. 295–300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
